Carrell, S. E., Maghakian, T., & West, J. E. (2011). A’s From ZZZZ’s? The causal effect of school start time on the academic achievement of adolescents. American Economic Journal 3(3), 62–71. 

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Abstract

Recent sleep research finds that many adolescents are sleep-deprived because of both early school start times and changing sleep patterns during the teen years. This study identifies the causal effect of school start time on academic achievement by using two policy changes in the daily schedule at the US Air Force Academy along with the randomized placement of freshman students to courses and instructors. Results show that starting the school day 50 minutes later has a significant positive effect on student achievement, which is roughly equivalent to raising teacher quality by one standard deviation.

Keywords

Students, High school students, Academic achievement, Adolescents, High schools, Student athletes, Standardized tests, College students, Mathematics, Academic leadership