Kjeldsen, J. S., Hjorth, M. F., Andersen, R., Michaelsen, K. F., Tetens, I., Astrup, A., ... & Sjödin, A. (2014). Short sleep duration and large variability in sleep duration are independently associated with dietary risk factors for obesity in Danish school children. International Journal of Obesity, 38(1), 32-39.
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Abstract
Background
Lack of sleep and increased consumption of energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have all been suggested as factors contributing to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Objective
To evaluate whether objectively measured sleep duration (average and day-to-day variability) as well as parent-reported sleep problems are independently associated with proposed dietary risk factors for overweight and obesity in 8-11-year-old children.
Design
In this cross-sectional study, data on sleep duration and day-to-day variability in sleep duration were measured in 676 Danish, apparently healthy children by an objective measure (actigraphy) for 8 nights, and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was filled out by the parents. Diet was recorded using a web-based food record for 7 consecutive days. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measurements of plasma leptin and ghrelin levels.
Results
Sleep duration (h per night) was negatively associated with energy density (ED) of the diet (β = -0.32 kJ g(-1)), added sugar (β = -1.50 E%) and SSBs (β = -1.07 E%) (all P ≤ 0.003). Furthermore, variability in sleep duration (10-min per night) was positively associated with SSBs (β = 0.20 E%, P = 0.03), independent of sleep duration, and CSHQ score was positively associated with ED (β = 0.16 kJ g(-1), P = 0.04). All of these associations were independent of potential confounders (age, sex, pubertal status, height, weight, screen time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and parental education and ethnicity).
Conclusion
Our study suggests that short sleep duration, high sleep duration variability and experiencing sleep problems are all associated with a poor, obesity-promoting diet in children.
MeSH Terms
Analysis of Variance
Beverages/adverse effects
Blood Glucose/metabolism
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Denmark
Diet/adverse effects*
Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects
Dietary Fats/adverse effects
Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
Energy Intake
Fasting/blood
Feeding Behavior*
Female
Ghrelin/blood*
Humans
Leptin/blood*
Parents
Pediatric Obesity/blood
Pediatric Obesity/etiology*
Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/blood
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/complications*
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/prevention & control
Surveys and Questionnaires
Substances
Blood Glucose
Dietary Carbohydrates
Dietary Fats
Dietary Sucrose
Ghrelin
Leptin
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