This page is no longer maintained, for a current reference list please visit the revised Start School Later Reference List.
Use this page to find information on adolescent sleep patterns, sleep loss, and the consequences of early high school start times. If an article is available for free, the link is provided. For articles not available for free due to copyright restrictions, the abstract is provided.
Sleep Patterns - Adolescents
Malone SK. (2011). Early to bed, early to rise?: an exploration of adolescent sleep hygiene practices. Journal of School Nursing, 27(5), 348-54.
Carskadon MA. (2011). Sleep in adolescents: The perfect storm. Pediatric clinics of North America, 58(3), 637-47.
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Tarokh L, Raffray T, Van Reen E, Carskadon MA. (2010). Physiology of normal sleep in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 401-17.
Colrain IM, Baker FC. (2011, January 12). Changes in Sleep as a Function of Adolescent Development. Neuropsychology Review.
Hagenauer MH, Perryman JI, Lee TM, Carskadon MA. (2009). Adolescent changes in the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep. Developmental Neuroscience, 31(4), 276-84.
Hansen M, Janssen I, Schiff A, Zee PC, & Dubocovich ML. (2005). The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1555-61.
Dahl RE, Lewin DS. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(6 Suppl), 175-84.
National Sleep Foundation (2000). Adolescent sleep needs and patterns. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/sleep_and_teens_report1.pdf
Carskadon MA, Wolfson AR, Acebo C, Tzischinsky O, Seifer R. (1998). Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days. Sleep, 21(8), 871-81.
Carskadon MA. (1990). Patterns of sleep and sleepiness in adolescents. Pediatrician. 17(1), 5-12.
Thorpy MJ, Korman E, Spielman AJ, Glovinsky PB. (1988). Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9(1), 22-7.
Early School Start Times
Tarokh L, Raffray T, Van Reen E, Carskadon MA. (2010). Physiology of normal sleep in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 401-17.
Owens JA, Belon K, Moss P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 164(7), 608-14.
Lamberg L. (2009). High schools find later start time helps students' health and performance. JAMA, 301(21),2200-1.
Noland H, Price JH, Dake J, Telljohann SK. (2009). Adolescents' sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. The Journal of School Health, 79(5), 224-30.
Gupta R, Bhatia MS, Chhabra V, Sharma S, Dahiya D, Semalti K, Sapra R, Dua RS. (2008). Sleep patterns of urban school-going adolescents. Indian Pediatrics, 45(3), 183-9.
Wolfson AR, Spaulding NL, Dandrow C, Baroni EM. (2007). Middle school start times: the importance of a good night's sleep for young adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 25(3), 194-209.
Hansen M, Janssen I, Schiff A, Zee PC, Dubocovich ML. (2005). The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics, 115(6),1555-61.
Wolfson, A, Carskadon, M (2005). A survey of factors influencing high school start times. NASSP Buletin, 89(642), 47-66
Wolfson, A, Carskadon, M (2005). Meeting Teen Sleep Needs Creatively. Education Digest, 71(1), 47-51.
Dexter, D., Bijwadia, J., Schilling, D., & Applebaugh, G. (2003). Sleep, sleepiness and school start times: a preliminary study. WMJ: Official Publication Of The State Medical Society Of Wisconsin, 102(1), 44-46.
Wahlstrom K. (2002). Changing times: Findings from the first longitudinal study of later high school start times. NASSP Bulletin, 86(633), 3-21.
Epstein R, Chillag N, Lavie P. (1998). Starting times of school: effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21(3), 250-6.
Carskadon MA, Vieira C, Acebo C. (1993). Association between puberty and delayed phase preference. Sleep, 16(3), 258-62.
National Sleep Foundation. (n.d.). Backgrounder: Later school start times. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/hot-topics/backgrounder-later-school-start-times
National Sleep Foundation. (n.d.). School start time and sleep. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/school-start-time-and-sleep
Sleep Loss & Academic Achievement
Jacob, B. A., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011, September). Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: Start Times, Grade Configurations, and Teacher Assignments. Retrieved from The Brookings Institution website.
Ming X, Koransky R, Kang V, Buchman S, Sarris CE, Wagner GC. (2011). Sleep insufficiency, sleep health problems and performance in high school students. Clinical medicine insights. Circulatory, respiratory and pulmonary medicine, 5, 71-9.
Edwards, F. (2011). Early to Rise: The Effect of Daily Start Times on Academic Performance. Working Paper, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Lufi D, Tzischinsky O, Hadar S. (2011). Delaying school starting time by one hour: some effects on attention levels in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(2), 137-43.
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Kim SJ, Lee YJ, Cho SJ, Cho IH, Lim W, Lim W. (2011). Relationship between weekend catch-up sleep and poor performance on attention tasks in Korean adolescents. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 165(9), 806-12.
Carrell, S. E., T. Maghakian, and J. E. West. (2011). A’s From ZZZZ’s? The Causal Effect of School Start Time on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents. American Economic Journal 3(3), 62–71.
Pagel JF, Kwiatkowski CF. (2010, November 16). Sleep complaints affecting school performance at different educational levels. Frontiers in Neurology.
Beebe DW, Rose D, Amin R. (2010). Attention, Learning, and Arousal of Experimentally Sleep-restricted Adolescents in a Simulated Classroom. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(5), 523-5.
Kopasz M, Loessl B, Hornyak M, Riemann D, Nissen C, Piosczyk H, Voderholzer U. (2010). Sleep and memory in healthy children and adolescents - a critical review. Sleep Medicine Review, 14(3), 167-77.
Gruber R, Laviolette R, Deluca P, Monson E, Cornish K, Carrier J. (2010). Short sleep duration is associated with poor performance on IQ measures in healthy school-age children. Sleep Medicine, 11(3), 289-94.
Dewald JF, Meijer AM, Oort FJ, Kerkhof GA, Bögels SM (2010). The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Review 14(3), 179-89.
Bergin, C., & Bergin, D. (2009). Sleep: The E-Z Z Z Intervention. Educational Leadership, 67(4), 44-47.
Willis, J. (2009). How Students' Sleepy Brains Fail Them. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 45(4), 158-162.
Ng EP, Ng DK, Chan CH (2009). Sleep duration, wake/sleep symptoms, and academic performance in Hong Kong secondary school children. Sleep & Breathing, 13(4), 357-67.
Stickgold R, Wehrwein P (2009). Sleep now, remember later. Newsweek, 153(17), 56-7.
Killgore WD, Kahn-Greene ET, Lipizzi EL, Newman RA, Kamimori GH, Balkin TJ (2008). Sleep deprivation reduces perceived emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. Sleep Medicine, 9(5), 517-26.
Golombek D, Cardinali D (2008). Mind, Brain, Education, and Biological Timing. Mind, Brain, and Education, 2(1), 1-6.
Walker MP (2008). Cognitive consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Medicine, 9 Suppl 1,S29-34.
Warner, S, Murray, G, Meyer, D (2008). Holiday and School-Term Sleep Patterns of Australian Adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 31(5), 595-608.
Curcio G, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L (2006). Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10(5), 323-37.
Gibson ES, Powles AC, Thabane L, O'Brien S, Molnar DS, Trajanovic N, Ogilvie R, Shapiro C, Yan M, Chilcott-Tanser L. (2006). "Sleepiness" is serious in adolescence: two surveys of 3235 Canadian students. BMC Public Health, 6,116.
Fallone G, Acebo C, Seifer R, Carskadon MA. (2005). Experimental restriction of sleep opportunity in children: effects on teacher ratings. Sleep, 28(12), 1561-7.
Dahl RE. (2005). Sleep, learning, and the developing brain: early-to-bed as a healthy and wise choice for school aged children. Sleep, 28(12),1498-9.
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Stickgold R, Walker MP. (2005). Sleep and memory: the ongoing debate. Sleep, 28(10), 1225-7.
Fredriksen K, Rhodes J, Reddy R, Way N. (2004). Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years. Child Development, 75(1), 84-95.
Kamdar BB, Kaplan KA, Kezirian EJ, Dement WC. (2004). The impact of extended sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood. Sleep Medicine, 5(5), 441-8.
Drake C, Nickel C, Burduvali E, Roth T, Jefferson C, Pietro B. (2003). The pediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS): sleep habits and school outcomes
in middle-school children. Sleep, 26(4), 455-8.
Shin C, Kim J, Lee S, Ahn Y, Joo S. (2003). Sleep habits, excessive daytime sleepiness and school performance in high school students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 57(4), 451-453.
Steenari MR, Vuontela V, Paavonen EJ, Carlson S, Fjallberg M, Aronen E. (2003). Working memory and sleep in 6- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(1), 85-92.
Wolfson AR, Carskadon MA. (2003). Understanding adolescents' sleep patterns and school performance: a critical appraisal. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 7(6), 491-506.
Mitru G, Millrood DL, Mateika JH (2002). The Impact of Sleep on Learning and Behavior in Adolescents. Teachers College Record, 104(4), 704-26.
Epstein R, Chillag N, Lavie P. (1998). Starting times of school: effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21(3), 250-6.
Wolfson AR, Carskadon MA. (1998). Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Development, 69(4), 875-87.
Dahl RE. (1996). The impact of inadequate sleep on children's daytime cognitive function. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 3(1), 44-50.
Thorpy MJ, Korman E, Spielman AJ, Glovinsky PB. (1988). Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9(1), 22-7.
Sleep Loss & Accidents and Injury
Vorona RD, Szklo-Coxe M, Wu A, Dubik M, Zhao Y, Ware JC. (2011). Dissimilar teen crash rates in two neighboring southeastern Virginia cities with different high school start times. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(2), 145-51.
Hayes D Jr. (2010). Impact of inadequate sleep on unintentional injuries in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 491-507.
Pizza F, Contardi S, Antognini AB, Zagoraiou M, Borrotti M, Mostacci B, Mondini S, Cirignotta F. (2010). Sleep quality and motor vehicle crashes in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 6(1), 41-5.
Smith SS, Horswill MS, Chambers B, Wetton M. (2009). Hazard perception in novice and experienced drivers: the effects of sleepiness. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 41(4), 729-33.
Danner F, Phillips B. (2008). Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(6), 536-7.
Landrigan CP. (2008). Driving drowsy. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(6), 536-7.
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Dahl RE. (2008). Biological, developmental, and neurobehavioral factors relevant to adolescent driving risks. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S278-84.
Hutchens L, Senserrick TM, Jamieson PE, Romer D, Winston FK. (2008). Teen driver crash risk and associations with smoking and drowsy driving. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 40(3),869-76.
Keating DP, Halpern-Felsher BL. (2008). Adolescent drivers: a developmental perspective on risk, proficiency, and safety. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S272-7.
Li Y, Jin H, Owens JA, Hu C. (2008). The association between sleep and injury among school-aged children in rural China: a case-control study. Sleep Medicine, 9(2), 142-8.
Shope JT, Bingham CR. (2008). Teen driving: motor-vehicle crashes and factors that contribute. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S261-71.
Lam LT, Yang L. (2007). Short duration of sleep and unintentional injuries among adolescents in China. American Journal of Epidemiology, 166(9), 1053-8.
Groeger JA. (2006). Youthfulness, inexperience, and sleep loss: the problems young drivers face and those they pose for us. Injury Prevention, 12 Suppl 1, i19-24.
Stallones L, Beseler C, Chen P. (2006). Sleep patterns and risk of injury among adolescent farm residents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(4), 300-4.
Millman RP. (2005). Excessive sleepiness in adolescents and young adults: Causes, consequences, and treatment strategies. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1774-86.
O'Brien EM, Mindell JA. (2005). Sleep and risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 3(3),113-33.
McConnell CF, Bretz KM, Dwyer WO. (2003). Falling asleep at the wheel: a close look at 1,269 fatal and serious injury-producing crashes. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 1(3), 171-83.
Feyer AM. (2001). Fatigue: time to recognise and deal with an old problem. BMJ, 322(7290), 808-9.
Valent F, Brusaferro S, Barbone F. (2001). A case-crossover study of sleep and childhood injury. Pediatrics, 107(2), E23.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (1998). Drowsy driving and automobile crashes. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/drowsy.html
McCartt AT, Ribner SA, Pack AI, Hammer MC. (1996). The scope and nature of the drowsy driving problem in New York State. Accident, Analysis and Prevention, 28(4),511-17.
Pack AI, Pack AM, Rodgman E, Cucchiara A, Dinges DF, Schwab CW. (1995). Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 27(6), 769-75.
Sleep Loss & Behavioral and Emotional Issues
McKnight-Eily LR, Eaton DK, Lowry R, Croft JB, Presley-Cantrell L, Perry GS. (2011). Relationships between hours of sleep and health-risk behaviors in US adolescent students. Preventive Medicine, 53(4-5), 271-3
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Beebe DW. (2011). Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents. Pediatric clinics of North America, 58(3), 649-65.
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Silva GE, Goodwin JL, Parthasarathy S, Sherrill DL, Vana KD, Drescher AA, Quan SF. (2011). Longitudinal association between short sleep, body weight, and emotional and learning problems in Hispanic and Caucasian children. Sleep, 34(9), 1197-205.
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McGlinchey EL, Talbot LS, Chang KH, Kaplan KA, Dahl RE, Harvey AG. (2011). The effect of sleep deprivation on vocal expression of emotion in adolescents and adults. Sleep, 34(9), 1233-41.
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Suzuki H, Kaneita Y, Osaki Y, Minowa M, Kanda H, Suzuki K, Wada K, Hayashi K, Tanihata T, Ohida T. (2011) Clarification of the factor structure of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire among Japanese adolescents and associated sleep status. Psychiatry Research, 188(1), 138-46.
Lemola S, Schwarz B, Siffert A. (2011, July 4). Interparental conflict and early adolescents' aggression: Is irregular sleep a vulnerability factor? Journal of Adolescence.
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Moore M, Slane J, Mindell JA, Burt SA, Klump KL. (2011). Sleep problems and temperament in adolescents. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(4), 559-62.
Lamberg L. (2010). Later High School Start Times May Benefit Teens' Mental Health. Psychiatric News, 45(16), 5.
Glozier N, Martiniuk A, Patton G, Ivers R, Li Q, Hickie I, Senserrick T,Woodward M, Norton R, Stevenson M. (2010). Short sleep duration in prevalent and persistent psychological distress in young adults: the DRIVE study. Sleep, 33(9), 1139-45.
Regestein Q, Natarajan V, Pavlova M, Kawasaki S, Gleason R, Koff E. (2010). Sleep debt and depression in female college students. Psychiatry Research, 17(1), 34-9.
Moore M, Kirchner HL, Drotar D, Johnson N, Rosen C, Ancoli-Israel S, Redline S. (2009). Relationships among sleepiness, sleep time, and psychological functioning inadolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(10), 1175-83.
Smaldone A, Honig JC, Byrne MW. (2009). Does assessing sleep inadequacy across its continuum inform associations with child and family health? Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 23(6), 394-404.
Holm SM, Forbes EE, Ryan ND, Phillips ML, Tarr JA, Dahl RE. (2009). Reward-related brain function and sleep in pre/early pubertal and mid/late pubertal adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 326-34.
Pesonen AK, Räikkönen K, Paavonen EJ, Heinonen K, Komsi N, Lahti J, et al. (2009). Sleep duration and regularity are associated with behavioral problems in 8-year-old children. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16(4).
Lam LT, Yang L. (2009). Duration of sleep and ADHD tendency among adolescents in China. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(4), 437-44.
Paunio T, Korhonen T, Hublin C, Partinen M, Kivimäki M, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. (2009). Longitudinal study on poor sleep and life dissatisfaction in a nationwide cohort of twins. American Journal of Epidemiology, 169(2), 206-13.
Stickgold R, Wehrwein P. (2009). Sleep now, remember later. Newsweek, 153(17), 56-7.
Beebe DW, Fallone G, Godiwala N, Flanigan M, Martin D, Schaffner L, Amin R. (2008). Feasibility and behavioral effects of an at-home multi-night sleep restriction protocol for adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 49(9), 915-23.
Oginska H, Pokorski J. (2006). Fatigue and mood correlates of sleep length in three age-social groups: School children, students, and employees. Chronobiology International, 23(6),1317-28.
Fallone G, Acebo C, Seifer R, Carskadon MA. (2005). Experimental restriction of sleep opportunity in children: effects on teacher ratings. Sleep, 28(12), 1561-7.
Fredriksen K, Rhodes J, Reddy R, Way N. (2004). Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years. Child Development, 75(1), 84-95.
Kamdar BB, Kaplan KA, Kezirian EJ, Dement WC. (2004). The impact of extended sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood. Sleep Medicine, 5(5), 441-8.
Mitru G, Millrood DL, Mateika JH (2002). The Impact of Sleep on Learning and Behavior in Adolescents. Teachers College Record, 104(4), 704-26.
Sadeh A, Gruber R, Raviv A. (2002). Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning, and behavior problems in school-age children. Child Development, 73(2), 405-17.
Dahl, R. (1999). The consequences of insufficient sleep for adolescents:Links between sleep and emotional regulation, Phi Delta Kappan, 80(5), 354-59.
Epstein R, Chillag N, Lavie P. (1998). Starting times of school: effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21(3), 250-6.
Wolfson AR, Carskadon MA. (1998). Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Development, 69(4), 875-87.
Dahl, R. (1997). The regulation of sleep and arousal: Development and psychopathology. In Margaret E. Hertzig (Ed.), Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 1997 (pp. 3-28). Brunner/Mazel, Philadelphia.
Pilcher JJ, Huffcutt AI. (1996). Effects of sleep deprivation on performance: a meta-analysis. Sleep, 19(4), 318-26.
Gau SF, Soong WT. (1995). Sleep problems of junior high school students in Taipei. Sleep, 18(8), 667-73.
Aronen ET, Paavonen EJ, Fjällberg M, Soininen M, Törrönen J. (1990). Sleep and psychiatric symptoms in school-age children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(4), 502-8.
Sleep Loss & Obesity
Silva GE, Goodwin JL, Parthasarathy S, Sherrill DL, Vana KD, Drescher AA, Quan SF. (2011). Longitudinal association between short sleep, body weight, and emotional and
learning problems in Hispanic and Caucasian children. Sleep, 34(9), 1197-205.
More information
Nielsen LS, Danielsen KV, Sørensen TI. (2011). Short sleep duration as a possible cause of obesity: critical analysis of the epidemiological evidence. Obesity Reviews, 12(2), 78-92.
Weiss A, Xu F, Storfer-Isser A, Thomas A, Ievers-Landis CE, Redline S. (2010). The association of sleep duration with adolescents’ fat and carbohydrate consumption. Sleep, 33(9), 1201-1209.
Al-Disi D, Al-Daghri N, Khanam L, Al-Othman A, Al-Saif M, Sabico S, Chrousos G. (2010) Subjective sleep duration and quality influence diet composition and circulating adipocytokines and ghrelin levels in teen-age girls. Endocrine Journal.
Park S. (2010). Association Between Short Sleep Duration and Obesity Among South Korean Adolescents. Western Journal of Nursing Research.
Gangwisch JE, Malaspina D, Babiss LA, Opler MG, Posner K, Shen S, Turner JB, Zammit GK, Ginsberg HN. (2010). Short sleep duration as a risk factor for
hypercholesterolemia: Analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Sleep, 33(7), 956-61.
Shan XY, Xi B, Cheng H, Hou DQ, Wang Y, Mi J. (2010). Prevalence and behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among children aged 2-18 in Beijing, China. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 5(5), 383-9.
Bawazeer NM, Al-Daghri NM, Valsamakis G, Al-Rubeaan KA, Sabico SL, Huang TT,Mastorakos GP, Kumar S. (2009). Sleep duration and quality associated with obesity among Arab children. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17(12), 2251-3.
Leproult R, Van Cauter E. (2010). Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release and metabolism. Endocrine Development, 17, 11-21.
Sun Y, Sekine M, Kagamimori S. (2009). Lifestyle and overweight among Japanese adolescents: The Toyama Birth Cohort Study. Journal of Epidemiology, 19(6), 303-10.
Hitze B, Bosy-Westphal A, Bielfeldt F, Settler U, Plachta-Danielzik S, Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J, Mönig H, Müller MJ. (2009). Determinants and impact of sleep duration in children and adolescents: Data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63(6), 739-46.
Westerlund L, Ray C, Roos E. (2009). Associations between sleeping habits and food consumption patterns among 10-11-year-old children in Finland. British Journal of Nutrition, 102(3), 1-7.
Ozturk A, Mazicioglu M, Poyrazoglu S, Cicek B, Gunay O, Kurtoglu S. (2009). The relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents. Acta Paediatrica, 98(4), 699-702.
Yarcheski TJ, Mahon NE, Yarcheski A. (2009). Vigor and fatigue and positive health practices in young adolescents. Psychological Reports, 104(2), 693-7.
Liu X, Forbes EE, Ryan ND, Rofey D, Hannon TS, Dahl RE. (2008). Rapid eye movement sleep in relation to overweight in children and adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(8), 924-32.
Chen X, Beydoun MA, Wang Y. (2008). Is sleep duration associated with childhood obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring), 16(2), 265-74.
Patel SR, Hu FB. (2008). Short sleep duration and weight gain: a systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring), 16(3), 643-53.
Van Cauter E, Knutson KL. (2008). Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. European Journal of Endocrinology, 159 Suppl 1, S59-66.
Van Cauter E, Spiegel K, Tasali E, Leproult R. (2008). Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Medicine, 9 Suppl 1, S23-8.
Lumeng JC, Somashekar D, Appugliese D, Kaciroti N, Corwyn RF, Bradley RH. (2007). Shorter sleep duration is associated with increased risk for being overweight at ages 9 to 12 year. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1020-9.
Seicean A, Redline S, Seicean S, Kirchner HL, Gao Y, Sekine M, Zhu X, Storfer-Isser A. (2007). Association between short sleeping hours and overweight in adolescents: results from a US Suburban High School survey. Sleep & Breathing, 11(4), 285-93.
Chaput JP, Tremblay A. (2007). Does short sleep duration favor abdominal adiposity in children? International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 2(3), 188-91.
Currie A, Cappuccio FP. (2007). Sleep in children and adolescents: a worrying scenario: can we understand the sleep deprivation-obesity epidemic? Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 17(3), 230-2.
Snell EK, Adam EK, Duncan GJ. (2007). Sleep and the body mass index and overweight status of children and adolescents. Child Development, 78(1), 309-23.
Yu Y, Lu BS, Wang B, Wang H, Yang J, Li Z, Wang L, Liu X, Tang G, Xing H, Xu X, Zee PC, Wang X. (2007). Short sleep duration and adiposity in Chinese adolescents. Sleep, 30(12), 1688-97.
Chaput JP, Brunet M, Tremblay A. (2006). Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: results from the 'Québec en Forme' Project. International Journal of Obesity, 30(7), 1080-5.
Taheri S. (2006). The link between short sleep duration and obesity: we should recommend more sleep to prevent obesity. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91(11), 881-4.
Knutson KL. (2005). Sex differences in the association between sleep and body mass index in adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 147(6), 830-4.
Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E. (2004). Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Medicine, 1(3), e62.
Gupta NK, Mueller WH, Chan W, Meininger JC. (2002). Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? American Journal of Human Biology, 14(6), 762-8.
Giugliano R, Carneiro EC. (2002). Factors associated with obesity in school children. Jornal de pediatria, 80(1), 17-22.
von Kries R, Toschke AM, Wurmser H, Sauerwald T, Koletzko B. (2002). Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep--a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26(5), 710-6.
Consequences of Insufficient Sleep - Adolescents
Taki Y, Hashizume H, Thyreau B, Sassa Y, Takeuchi H, Wu K, et al (2012). Sleep duration during weekdays affects hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy children. Neuroimage ,60(1), 471-5.
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Brand S, Kirov R. (2011). Sleep and its importance in adolescence and in common adolescent somatic and psychiatric conditions. International Journal of General Medicine 4, 425-42.
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Marhefka JK. (2011). Sleep Deprivation: Consequences for Students. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services. Aug 17,1-5.
Eaton DK, McKnight-Eily LR, Lowry R, Perry GS, Presley-Cantrell L, Croft JB. (2010). Prevalence of insufficient, borderline, and optimal hours of sleep among high school students - United States, 2007. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(4), 399-401.
Gangwisch JE, Malaspina D, Babiss LA, Opler MG, Posner K, Shen S, Turner JB, Zammit GK, Ginsberg HN. (2010). Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia: Analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Sleep, 33(7), 956-61.
Noland H, Price JH, Dake J, Telljohann SK. (2009). Adolescents' sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. The Journal of School Health, 79(5), 224-30.
Moore M, Meltzer LJ. (2008). The sleepy adolescent: Causes and consequences of sleepiness in teens. Paediatric respiratory reviews, 9(2), 114-20.
Smaldone A, Honig JC, Byrne MW. (2007). Sleepless in America: Inadequate sleep and relationships to health and well-being of our nation's children. Pediatrics, 119 Suppl 1:S29-37.
Dahl RE, Lewin DS. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(6 Suppl), 175-84.
Carpenter, S. (2001). Sleep deprivation may be undermining teen health. Monitor on Psychology, 32(9).
Kelman BB. (1999). The sleep needs of adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing, 15(3),14-9.
Other Concerns
Zhang S, Liu X, Kim JS, Ouyang F, Wang B, Li Z, Tang G, Liu X, Xu X, Pongracic JA, Wang X. (2011, January 24). Association between short sleep duration and the risk of sensitization to food and aero allergens in rural Chinese adolescents. Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Axelsson J, Sundelin T, Ingre M, Van Someren EJ, Olsson A, Lekander M. (2010, December 14). Beauty sleep: Experimental study on the perceived health and attractiveness of sleep deprived people. BMJ: British Medical Journal.
Ludden AB, Wolfson AR. (2009). Understanding adolescent caffeine use: Connecting use patterns with expectancies, reasons, and sleep. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5), 1-13.
Roehrs T, Roth T. (2008). Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12(2), 153-62.