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Start School Later Reference List
www.StartSchoolLater.net

Use this page to find information on adolescent sleep patterns, sleep loss, and the consequences of early high school start times. If an article is available for free, the link is provided. For articles not available for free due to copyright restrictions, the abstract is provided.

 

Sleep Patterns - Adolescents

Griggs, S., Conley, S., Batten, J., & Grey, M. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral sleep interventions for adolescents and emerging adults. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 54(2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101356

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Kaplan, K. A., Mashash, M., Williams, R., Batchelder, H., Starr-Glass, L., & Zeitzer, J. M. (2019). Effect of light flashes vs sham therapy during sleep with adjunct cognitive behavioral therapy on sleep quality among adolescents: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 2(9), e1911944-e1911944. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11944

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Owens, J. A., Dearth-Wesley, T., Herman, A. N., & Whitaker, R. C. (2019). Drowsy driving, sleep duration, and chronotype in adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 205, 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.072

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Feliciano, E. M. C., Quante, M., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Redline, S., Oken, E., & Taveras, E. M. (2018). Objective sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic health in young adolescents. Pediatrics, 142(1), e20174085. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4085

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Urbanek, J. K., Spira, A. P., Di, J., Leroux, A., Crainiceanu, C., & Zipunnikov, V. (2018). Epidemiology of objectively measured bedtime and chronotype in US adolescents and adults: NHANES 2003–2006. Chronobiology International, 35(3), 416-434.

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Short, M. A., Weber, N., Reynolds, C., Coussens, S., & Carskadon, M. A. (2018). Estimating adolescent sleep need using dose-response modelling. Sleep. Advance online publication.

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Lusher, L., & Yasenov, V. (2018). Gender performance gaps: Quasi-experimental evidence on the role of gender differences in sleep cycles. Economic Inquiry, 56(1), 252-262.

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Agostini, A., Carskadon, M. A., Dorrian, J., Coussens, S., & Short, M. A. (2017). An experimental study of adolescent sleep restriction during a simulated school week: Changes in phase, sleep staging, performance and sleepiness. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(2), 227-235.

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Vidal, H., & Shochat, T. (2017). Early to bed, early to rise: Sleep perceptions, patterns and related behaviors in ultra-orthodox Jewish adolescents in Israel. Sleep Health. Advance online publication.

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Hummer, D. L., & Lee, T. M. (2016). Daily timing of the adolescent sleep phase: Insights from a cross-species comparison. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 70, 171-181.

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Heissel, J., & Norris, S. (2017). Rise and shine: The effect of school start times on academic performance from childhood through puberty. Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), 957-992

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Chan, N. Y., Zhang, J., Yu, M. W. M., Lam, S. P., Li, S. X., Kong, A. P. S., ... & Wing, Y. K. (2017). Impact of a modest delay in school start time in Hong Kong school adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 30, 164-170.

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Beebe, D. W. (2016). The cumulative impact of adolescent sleep loss: Next steps. Sleep, 39(3), 497-9.

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Owens, J. A., Dearth-Wesley, T., Lewin, D., Gioia, G., & Whitaker, R. C. (2016). Self-regulation and sleep duration, sleepiness, and chronotype in adolescents. Pediatrics, 138(6).

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Zhang, J., Paksarian, D., Lamers, F., Hickie, I. B., He, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2016). Sleep patterns and mental health correlates in US adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 182, 137-143.

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Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: A statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(6), 785-786.

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Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.

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Ong, J. L., Lo, J. C., Gooley, J. J., Chee, M. W. (2016). EEG changes across multiple nights of sleep restriction and recovery in adolescents: The need for sleep study. Sleep, 39(6), 1233-40.

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Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.

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Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(1), 75-87.

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Basch C. E., Basch C. H., Ruggles K. V., Rajan S. (2014). Prevalence of sleep duration on an average school night among 4 nationally representative successive samples of American high school students, 2007–2013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 11(E216), 1-5.

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van der Vinne, V., Zerbini, G., Siersema, A., Pieper, A., Merrow, M., Hut, R. A., ... & Kantermann, T. (2014). Timing of examinations affects school performance differently in early and late chronotypes. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 30(1), 53-60.

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Basch C. E., Basch C. H., Ruggles K. V., Rajan S. (2014). Prevalence of sleep duration on an average school night among 4 nationally representative successive samples of American high school students, 2007–2013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 11(E216), 1-5.

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Crowley, S. J., Van Reen, E., LeBourgeois, M. K., Acebo, C., Tarokh, L., Seifer, R.,...& Carskadon, M. A. (2014, November 7). A longitudinal assessment of sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across human adolescence. PLoS One, 9(11), e112199.

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Hasler, B. P., Soehner, A. M., & Clark, D. B. (2014). Circadian rhythms and risk for substance use disorders in adolescence. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 27(6), 460-466.

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Hagenauer, M. H., & Lee, T. M. (2013). Adolescent sleep patterns in humans and laboratory animals. Hormones and Behavior, 64(2), 270-279.

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George, N. M., & Davis, J. E. (2013). Assessing sleep in adolescents through a better understanding of sleep physiology. American Journal of Nursing, 113(6), 26-31.

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Hasler, B. P., & Clark, D. B. (2013). Circadian misalignment, reward-related brain function, and adolescent alcohol involvement. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(4), 558-65.

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Dewald, J. F., Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Oort, F. J., & Meijer, A. (2012). The chronic sleep reduction questionnaire (CSRQ): A cross‐cultural comparison and validation in Dutch and Australian adolescents. Journal of Sleep Research, 21(5), 584-594.

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Miller, N. L., Tvaryanas, A. P., & Shattuck, L. G. (2012). Accommodating adolescent sleep-wake patterns: The effects of shifting the timing of sleep on training effectiveness. Sleep, 35(8), 1123–1136.

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Hagenauer, M. H., & Lee, T. M. (2012). The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 33(3), 211-229.

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Amos, L. B., & D’Andrea, L. A. (2012, October 1). A look at adolescent sleep needs: Waking up to the unique sleep needs of adolescents. Contemporary Pediatrics.

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Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4. 

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Gradisar, M., Gardner, G., & Dohnt, H. (2011). Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep. Sleep Medicine, 12(2), 110-8.

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Kirby, M., Maggi, S., & D'Angiulli, A. (2011). Reviews/essays: School start times and the sleep-wake cycle of adolescents--A review and critical evaluation of available evidence. Educational Researcher, 40(2), 56-61.
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Malone, S. K. (2011). Early to bed, early to rise?: An exploration of adolescent sleep hygiene practices. Journal of School Nursing, 27(5), 348-54.

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Carskadon, M. A. (2011). Sleep in adolescents: The perfect storm. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 58(3), 637-47.
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Eaton, D. K, McKnight-Eily, L. R., Lowry, R., Perry, G. S., Presley-Cantrell, L., & Croft, J. B. (2010). Prevalence of insufficient, borderline, and optimal hours of sleep among high school students - United States, 2007. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(4), 399-401.

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Colrain, I. M., & Baker, F. C. (2011). Changes in sleep as a function of adolescent development. Neuropsychology Review 21(1), 5-21.

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Tarokh, L., Raffray, T., Van Reen, E., & Carskadon, M. A. (2010). Physiology of normal sleep in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 401-17.

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Hagenauer, M. H., Perryman, J. I., Lee, T. M., & Carskadon, M. A. (2009). Adolescent changes in the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep. Developmental Neuroscience, 31(4), 276-84.

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Crowley, S. J., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (2007). Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Sleep Medicine, 8(6), 602-12.

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Hansen, M., Janssen, I., Schiff, A., Zee, P. C., & Dubocovich, M. L. (2005). The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1555-61.

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Dahl, R. E., & Lewin, D. S. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(6 Suppl), 175-84.

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National Sleep Foundation (2000). Adolescent sleep needs and patterns. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/sleep_and_teens_report1.pdf 

 

Carskadon, M. A., Wolfson, A. R., Acebo, C., Tzischinsky, O., & Seifer, R. (1998). Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days. Sleep, 21(8), 871-81.

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Carskadon, M. A. (1990). Patterns of sleep and sleepiness in adolescents. Pediatrician, 17(1), 5-12.

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Thorpy, M. J., Korman, E., Spielman, A. J., & Glovinsky, P. B. (1988). Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents.  Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9(1), 22-7.

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Early School Start Times

Gelfand, A. A., Pavitt, S., Ross, A. C., Szperka, C. L., Irwin, S. L., Bertisch, S., Stone, K. L., Frazier, R., Grimes, B., & Allen, I. E. (2020). Later high school start time is associated with lower migraine frequency in adolescents. Headache. Advance online publication.

https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14016

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Widome, R., Berger, A. T., Iber, C., Wahlstrom, K., Laska, M. N., Kilian, G., Redline, S., & Erickson, D. J. (2020). Association of delaying school start time with sleep duration, timing, and quality among adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0344

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Estevan, I., Silva, A., Vetter, C., & Tassino, B. (2020). Short sleep duration and extremely delayed chronotypes in Uruguayan youth: The role of school start times and social constraints. Journal of Biological Rhythms. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730420927601

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Carvalho-Mendes, R. P., Dunster, G. P., de la Iglesia, H. O., & Menna-Barreto, L. (2020). Afternoon school start times are associated with a lack of both social jetlag and sleep deprivation in adolescents. Journal of Biological Rhythms. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730420927603
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Ziporyn, T., & Wake, J. (2020). Using sleep science to inform policy: The case of school start times. Sleep Health, 6(1), 2-3. Editorial. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.11.010

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Illingworth, G., Sharman, R., Jowett, A., Harvey, C. J., Foster, R. G., & Espie, C. A. (2019). Challenges in implementing and assessing outcomes of school start time change in the UK: Experience of the Oxford Teensleep study. Sleep medicine, 60, 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.021

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Bin-Hasan, S., Kapur, K., Rakesh, K., & Owens, J. (2020). School start time change and motor vehicles crashes in adolescent drivers. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8208

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Winnebeck, E. C., Vuori-Brodowski, M. T., Biller, A. M., Molenda, C., Fischer, D., Zerbini, G., & Roenneberg, T. (2019). Later school start times in a flexible system improve teenage sleep. Sleep. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz307

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Bertsimas, D., Delarue, A., & Martin, S. (2019). Optimizing schools’ start time and bus routes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(13), 5943-5948. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811462116

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Dunster, G. P., Crowley, S. J., Carskadon, M. A., & de la Iglesia, H. O. (2019). What time should middle and high school students start school?. Journal of Biological Rhythms. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730419892118

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Nahmod, N. G., Lee, S., Master, L., Chang, A. M., Hale, L., & Buxton, O. M. (2018). Later high school start times associated with longer actigraphic sleep duration in adolescents. Sleep, 42(2), zsy212.  https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy212

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Foss, R. D., Smith, R. L., & O'Brien, N. P. (2019). School start times and teenage driver motor vehicle crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 126, 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.031

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Groen, J. A., & Pabilonia, S. W. (2019). Snooze or lose: High school start times and academic achievement. Economics of Education Review. (IZA Discussion Papers, No. 11166). Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.05.011

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Plog, A. E., McNally, J., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Meltzer, L. J. (2019). Impact of changing school start times on teachers/staff. Sleep, 42(Supplement 1), A85-A86. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz067.206

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Semenza, D. C., Meldrum, R. C., Jackson, D. B., Vaughn, M. G. Piquero, A. R. (2019). School start times, delinquency, and substance use: A criminological perspective. Crime & Delinquency. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128719845147

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Bertsimas, D., Delarue, A., & Martin, S. (2019). Optimizing schools’ start time and bus routes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811462116

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Temkin, D. A., Princiotta, D., Ryberg, R., & Lewin, D. S. (2018). Later start, longer sleep: Implications of middle school start times. Journal of School Health, 88(5), 370-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12622

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Dunster, G. P., de la Iglesia, L., Ben-Hamo, M., Nave, C., Fleischer, J. G., Panda, S., & Horacio, O. (2018). Sleepmore in Seattle: Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance in high school students. Science Advances, 4(12), eaau6200. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau6200

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Nahmod, N. G., Lee, S., Master, L., Chang, A. M., Hale, L., & Buxton, O. M. (2018). Later high school start times associated with longer actigraphic sleep duration in adolescents. Sleep. Advance online publication.  https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy212

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Patte, K. A., Qian, W., Cole, A. G., Faulkner, G., Chaput, J. P., Carson, V., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2018). School start time changes in the COMPASS study: Associations with youth sleep duration, physical activity, and screen time. Sleep Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09.020

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Wolfson, A. R. (2018). Current scholarship and future questions on delayed school start times for adolescents’ sleep and well-being. Sleep, 41(6). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy107
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Agostini, A., Carskadon, M. A., Dorrian, J., Coussens, S., & Short, M. A. (2017). An experimental study of adolescent sleep restriction during a simulated school week: Changes in phase, sleep staging, performance and sleepiness. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(2), 227-235.

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The entire December 2017 issue of Sleep Health is devoted to the start time issue. Click here to view the table of contents.

 

Ziporyn, T. D., Malow, B. A., Oakes, K., & Wahlstrom, K. L. (2017). Self-report surveys of student sleep and well-being: A review of use in the context of school start times. Sleep Health, 3(6), 498-507.

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Lee, C. J., Nolan, D. M., Lockley, S. W., & Pattison, B. (2017). Law-based arguments and messages to advocate for later school start time policies in the United States. Sleep Health, 3(6), 486-497.

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Kelley, P., Lockley, S. W., Kelley, J., & Evans, M. D. (2017). Is 8:30 a.m. still too early to start school? A 10: 00 a.m. school start time improves health and performance of students aged 13–16. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 588.

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Lusher, L., & Yasenov, V. (2018). Gender performance gaps: Quasi-experimental evidence on the role of gender differences in sleep cycles. Economic Inquiry, 56(1), 252-262.

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Owens, J. A., Dearth-Wesley, T., Herman, A. N., Oakes, J. M., & Whitaker, R. C. (2017). A quasi-experimental study of the impact of school start time changes on adolescent sleep. Sleep Health. Advance online publication.

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Patte, K. A., Cole, A. G., Qian, W., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2017). Youth sleep durations and school start times: A cross-sectional analysis of the COMPASS study. Sleep Health, 3(6), 432-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.011

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Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D., Connolly, H., & O'Connor, T. G. (2017). A process-oriented model linking adolescents' sleep hygiene and psychological functioning: The moderating role of school start times. Sleep Health. Advance online publication.

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Hafner, M., Stepanek, M., & Troxel, W. M. (2017). Later school start times in the U.S.: An economic analysis (Research Report No. RR-2109-RE). Retrieved from RAND Corporation website: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2100/RR2109/RAND_RR2109.pdf

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Wahlstrom, K. L., Berger, A. T., & Widome, R. (2017). Relationships between school start time, sleep duration, and adolescent behaviors. Sleep Health, 3(3), 216-221.

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Dunietz, G. L., Matos-Moreno, A., Singer, D. C., Davis, M. M., O'Brien, L. M., & Chervin, R. D. (2017). Later school start times: What informs parent support or opposition?. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(7), 889-897.

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Lewin, D. S., Wang, G., Chen, Y. I., Skora, E., Hoehn, J., Baylor, A., & Wang, J. (2017). Variable school start times and middle school student's sleep health and academic performance. Journal of Adolescent Health. Advance online publication.

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Heissel, J., & Norris, S. (2017). Rise and shine: The effect of school start times on academic performance from childhood through puberty. Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), 957-992

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Chan, N. Y., Zhang, J., Yu, M. W. M., Lam, S. P., Li, S. X., Kong, A. P. S., ... & Wing, Y. K. (2017). Impact of a modest delay in school start time in Hong Kong school adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 30, 164-170.

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Watson, N. F., Martin, J. L., Wise, M. S., Carden, K. A., Kirsch, D. B., Kristo, D. A.,… Chervin, R. D. (2017). Delaying middle school and high school start times promotes student health and performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(4), 623-625.

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McKeever, P. M., Clark, L. (2017). Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on graduation rates and attendance rates. Sleep Health, 3(2), 119-125

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Gariépy, G., Janssen, I., Sentenac, M., & Elgar, F. J. (2016, November). School start time and sleep in Canadian adolescents. Journal of Sleep Research.

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Barnes, M., Davis, K., Mancini, M., Ruffin, J., Simpson, T., Casazza, K. (2016). Setting adolescents up for success: Promoting a policy to delay high school start times. Journal of School Health, 86(7), 552-557.

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Millman, R. P., Boergers, J., Owens, J. (2016). Healthy school start times: Can we do a better job in reaching our goals? Sleep, 39(2), 267-268.

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Thacher, P.V., Onyper, S.V. (2016). Longitudinal outcomes of start time delay on sleep, behavior, and achievement in high school. Sleep. 39(2), 271-281.

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Wheaton, A. G., Chapman, D. P., & Croft, J. B. (2016). School start times, sleep, behavioral, health, and academic outcomes: A review of the literature. Journal of School Health, 86(5), 363-381.

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Meltzer, L. J., Shaheed, K., & Ambler, D. (2016). Start later, sleep later: School start times and adolescent sleep in homeschool versus public/private school students. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 14(2), 140-54.

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Minges, K. E., & Redeker, N. S. (2016). Delayed school start times and adolescent sleep: A systematic review of the experimental evidence. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 28, 82-91.

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Barnes, C. M., & Drake, C. L. (2015). Prioritizing sleep health: Public health policy recommendations. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 733-7.

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Shapiro, T. M. (2015, August). The educational effects of school start times. Retrieved from IZA World of Labor website: http://wol.iza.org/articles/educational-effects-of-school-start-times/long

 

Fogg, N., & Johnson, A. (2015). Child and adolescent sleep patterns and early school start times: Recognizing the role of the pediatric nurse. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 30(4), 628-631.

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Wheaton, A. G., Ferro, G. A., Croft, J. B. (2015). School start times for middle school and high school students - United States, 2011–12 school year. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(30), 809-813.
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Paksarian, D., Rudolph, K. E., He, J. P., & Merikangas, K. R. (2015). School start time and adolescent sleep patterns: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey - Adolescent Supplement. American Journal of Public Health, 105(7), 1351-1357.

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Mukherjee, S., Patel, S. R., Kales, S. N., Ayas, N. T., Strohl, K. P, Gozal, D. & Malhotra, A. (2015). An official American Thoracic Society statement: The importance of healthy sleep. Recommendations and future priorities. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 191(12), 1450-1458. [includes a recommendation to align school start times with adolescent sleep needs and patterns]

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Society of Pediatric Nurses & National Association of School Nurses (2015). Early school start times: Joint consensus statement. Retrieved from http://www.pedsnurses.org/p/cm/ld/fid=57&tid=28&sid=539 

 

Boergers, J. (2015). Benefits of later school start times. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, 31(1), 1-6.

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Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.

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Vorona, R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Lamichhane, R., Ware, J. C., McNallen, A., & Leszczyszyn D. (2014). Adolescent crash rates and school start times in two central Virginia counties, 2009-2011: A follow-up study to a southeastern Virginia study, 2007-2008. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 10(11), 1169-77.

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Lamberg, L. (2014, September 2). School starts too early for teens, pediatricians agree. Psychiatric News. DOI: 10.1176/appi.pn.2014.10a28

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American Academy of Pediatrics (2014). Policy statement: School start times for adolescents. Pediatrics, 134(3), 642-649.

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The Children’s National Medical Center’s Blueprint for Change Team. (2014, April). School start time change: An in-depth examination of school districts in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.fcps.edu/supt/update/1415/Blueprint-Change-School-Start-Time-Change-ReportFinal4-14-14.pdf

Boergers, J., Gable, C. J., & Owens, J. A. (2014). Later school start time is associated with improved sleep and daytime functioning in adolescents. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 35(1), 11-17.

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Kelley, P., Lockley, S. W., Foster, R. G., & Kelley, J. (2014). Synchronizing education to adolescent biology: ‘Let teens sleep, start school later’. Learning, Media and Technology, 40(2), 210-226.

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Wahlstrom, K., Dretzke, B., Gordon, M., Peterson, K., Edwards, K., & Gdula, J. (2014, February). Examining the impact of later school start times on the health and academic performance of high school students: A multi-site study. Retrieved from University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy website: http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/162769

Kelley, P., & Lee, C. (2014). Later school start times in adolescence: Time for change. Retrieved from Education Commission of the States website: http://www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/01/12/19/11219.pdf

 

Karafin, G. R. (2013). Teen sleep issues and school start times, part I. Pennsylvania Psychologist, 73(6), 20, 22.

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Karafin, G. R. (2013). Teen sleep issues and school start times, part II. Pennsylvania Psychologist, 73(8), 22, 25.

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Cairney, G. (2013). Experts make a case for later school start times. Education Next, 32(26).

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Perkinson-Gloor, N., Lemola, S., & Grob, A. (2013). Sleep duration, positive attitude toward life, and academic achievement: The role of daytime tiredness, behavioral persistence, and school start times. Journal of Adolescence, 36(2), 311-8.

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Snider, T. (2012). Later school start times are a public-health issue. Education Week, 31(31), 25-27.

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Edwards, F. (2012). Do schools begin too early? The effect of start times on student achievement. Education Next, 12(3), 52-57.

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Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.

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McGeorge, D. (2012). Sleepless in America: School start times. Education and Health, 30(3), 57-59.

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Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Lack, L. C., Wright, H. R., Dewald, J. F., Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2012). A cross-cultural comparison of sleep duration between U.S. and Australian adolescents: The effect of school start time, parent-set bedtimes, and extracurricular load. Health Education & Behavior, 40(3), 323-30.
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Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4. 

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Jacob, B. A., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011, September). Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: Start Times, Grade Configurations, and Teacher Assignments. Retrieved from The Brookings Institution website.

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Kirby, M., Maggi, S., & D'Angiulli, A. (2011). Reviews/essays: School start times and the sleep-wake cycle of adolescents--A review and critical evaluation of available evidence. Educational Researcher, 40(2), 56-61.
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Tarokh, L., Raffray, T., Van Reen, E., & Carskadon, M. A. (2010). Physiology of normal sleep in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 401-17.

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Owens, J. A., Belon, K., & Moss, P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(7), 608-14.

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Lamberg, L. (2009). High schools find later start time helps students' health and performance. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 301(21), 2200-1.

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Noland, H., Price, J. H., Dake, J., & Telljohann, S. K. (2009). Adolescents' sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. The Journal of School Health, 79(5), 224-30.

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Gupta, R., Bhatia, M. S., Chhabra, V., Sharma, S., Dahiya, D., Semalti, K., . . . Dua, R. S. (2008). Sleep patterns of urban school-going adolescents. Indian Pediatrics, 45(3), 183-9.

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Wolfson, A. R., Spaulding, N. L., Dandrow, C., & Baroni, E. M. (2007). Middle school start times: The importance of a good night's sleep for young adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 25(3), 194-209.

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Hansen, M., Janssen, I., Schiff, A., Zee, P. C., & Dubocovich, M. L. (2005). The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1555-61.

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Wolfson, A., & Carskadon, M. (2005). A survey of factors influencing high school start times. NASSP Buletin, 89(642), 47-66

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Wolfson, A., & Carskadon, M. (2005). Meeting teen sleep needs creatively. Education Digest, 71(1), 47-51.

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Dexter, D., Bijwadia, J., Schilling, D., & Applebaugh, G. (2003). Sleep, sleepiness and school start times: A preliminary study. WMJ: Official Publication Of The State Medical Society Of Wisconsin, 102(1), 44-46.

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Wahlstrom, K. (2002). Changing times: Findings from the first longitudinal study of later high school start times. NASSP Bulletin, 86(633), 3-21.

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Epstein, R., Chillag, N., & Lavie, P. (1998). Starting times of school: Effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21(3), 250-6.

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Carskadon, M. A., Vieira, C., & Acebo, C. (1993). Association between puberty and delayed phase preference. Sleep, 16(3), 258-62.

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National Sleep Foundation. (n.d.). Backgrounder: Later school start times. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-news/backgrounder-later-school-start-times 

 

National Sleep Foundation. (n.d.). School start time and sleep. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-news/school-start-time-and-sleep 

 

 

Sleep Loss & Academic Achievement

Lenard, M., Morrill, M. S., & Westall, J. (2020). High school start times and student achievement: Looking beyond test scores. Economics of Education Review, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.101975

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Groen, J. A., & Pabilonia, S. W. (2019). Snooze or lose: High school start times and academic achievement. Economics of Education Review. (IZA Discussion Papers, No. 11166). Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.05.011

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Bastian, K. C., & Fuller, S. C. (2018). Answering the bell: High school start times and student academic outcomes. AERA Open, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418812424 

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Lewin, D. S., Wang, G., Chen, Y. I., Skora, E., Hoehn, J., Baylor, A., & Wang, J. (2017). Variable school start times and middle school student's sleep health and academic performance. Journal of Adolescent Health. Advance online publication.

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Heissel, J., & Norris, S. (2017). Rise and shine: The effect of school start times on academic performance from childhood through puberty. Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), 957-992

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McKeever, P. M., Clark, L. (2017). Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on graduation rates and attendance rates. Sleep Health, 3(2), 119-125

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Urrila, A. S., Artiges, E., Massicotte, J., Miranda, R., Vulser, H., Bézivin-Frere, P., ... & Garavan, H. (2017). Sleep habits, academic performance, and the adolescent brain structure. Scientific Reports, 7, 1-9.

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Beebe, D. W. (2016). The cumulative impact of adolescent sleep loss: Next steps. Sleep, 39(3), 497-9.

More information  (Commentary) 

 

Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.

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Hysing, M., Harvey, A. G., Linton, S. J., Askeland, K. G., & Sivertsen, B. (2016). Sleep and academic performance in later adolescence: Results from a large population‐based study. Journal of Sleep Research, 25(3), 318-24.

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Díaz-Morales, J. F., & Escribano, C. (2015). Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: Understanding gender/sex differences. Chronobiology International, 32(6), 822-831.

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Lo, J. C., Ong, J. L., Leong, R. L., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. (2015). Cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood in partially sleep deprived adolescents: The need for sleep study. Sleep.

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Baert, S., Omey, E., Verhaest, D., & Vermeir, A. (2015). Mister Sandman, bring me good marks! On the relationship between sleep quality and academic achievement. Social Science & Medicine, 130, 91-98.

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Schmidt, R. E., & Van der Linden, M. (2015). The relations between sleep, personality, behavioral problems, and school performance in adolescents. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 10(2), 117-123.

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Stea, T. H., Knutsen, T., & Torstveit, M. K. (2014). Association between short time in bed, health-risk behaviors and poor academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 15(6), 666-671.

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Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.

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Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(1), 75-87.

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Baert, S., Omey, E., Verhaest, D., & Vermeir, A. (2014, June). Discussion Paper Series: Mister Sandman, bring me good marks! On the relationship between sleep quality and academic achievement (Report No. 8232). Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.

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Li, S., Arguelles, L., Jiang, F., Chen, W., Jin, X., Yan, C., . . . Shen, X. (2013) Sleep, school performance, and a school-based intervention among school-aged children: A sleep series study in China. PLoS ONE 8(7), e67928.

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Perez-Lloret, S., Videla, A. J., Richaudeau, A., Vigo, D., Rossi, M., Cardinali, D. P., & Perez-Chada, D. (2013). A multi-step pathway connecting short sleep duration to daytime somnolence, reduced attention, and poor academic performance: An exploratory cross-sectional study in teenagers. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 9(5), 469-473.

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Maski, K. P., & Kothare, S. V. (2013). Sleep deprivation and neurobehavioral functioning in children. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 89(2), 259-64.

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Vriend, J. L., Davidson, F. D., Corkum, P. V., Rusak, B., Chambers, C. T., & McLaughlin, E. N. (2013). Manipulating sleep duration alters emotional functioning and cognitive performance in children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 38(10), 1058-69.

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Taki Y., Hashizume H., Thyreau B., Sassa Y, Takeuchi H., Wu K., . . . Kawashima R. (2012). Sleep duration during weekdays affects hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy children. Neuroimage ,60(1), 471-5.

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Edwards, F. (2012). Do schools begin too early? The effect of start times on student achievement. Education Next, 12(3), 52-57.

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Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.

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Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4. 

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Carskadon, M. A. (2011). Sleep's effects on cognition and learning in adolescence. Progress in Brain Research, 190, 137-43. 

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Jacob, B. A., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011, September). Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: Start Times, Grade Configurations, and Teacher Assignments. Retrieved from The Brookings Institution website. 

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Gomes, A. A, Tavares, J., & de Azevedo, M. H. (2011). Sleep and academic performance in undergraduates: A multi-measure, multi-predictor approach. Chronobiology International, 28(9), 786-801.
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Ming, X., Koransky, R., Kang, V., Buchman, S., Sarris, C. E., & Wagner, G. C. (2011). Sleep insufficiency, sleep health problems and performance in high school students. Clinical Medicine Insights. Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine, 5, 71-9.

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Lufi, D., Tzischinsky, O., & Hadar, S. (2011). Delaying school starting time by one hour: Some effects on attention levels in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(2), 137-43.

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Kim, S. J., Lee, Y. J., Cho, S. J., Cho, I. H., Lim, W., & Lim, W. (2011). Relationship between weekend catch-up sleep and poor performance on attention tasks in Korean adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 165(9), 806-12.

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Carrell, S. E., Maghakian, T., & West, J. E. (2011). A’s From ZZZZ’s? The causal effect of school start time on the academic achievement of adolescents. American Economic Journal 3(3), 62–71. 

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Pagel, J. F., & Kwiatkowski, C. F. (2010). Sleep complaints affecting school performance at different educational levels. Frontiers in Neurology, 1:125.

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Beebe, D. W., Rose, D., & Amin, R. (2010). Attention, learning, and arousal of experimentally sleep-restricted adolescents in a simulated classroom. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(5), 523-5.

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Kopasz, M., Loessl, B., Hornyak, M., Riemann, D., Nissen, C., Piosczyk, H., & Voderholzer, U. (2010). Sleep and memory in healthy children and adolescents - a critical review. Sleep Medicine Review, 14(3), 167-77.

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Gruber, R., Laviolette, R., Deluca, P., Monson, E., Cornish, K., & Carrier, J. (2010). Short sleep duration is associated with poor performance on IQ measures in healthy school-age children. Sleep Medicine, 11(3), 289-94.

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Dewald, J. F, Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Kerkhof, G. A., & Bögels, S. M. (2010). The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Review 14(3), 179-89.

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Buckhalt, J. A., El-Sheikh, M., Keller, P. S., & Kelly, R. J. (2009). Concurrent and longitudinal relations between children’s sleep and cognitive functioning: The moderating role of parent education. Child Development, 80(3), 875-892.

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Bergin, C., & Bergin, D. (2009). Sleep: The E-Z Z Z intervention. Educational Leadership, 67(4), 44-47. 

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Willis, J. (2009). How students' sleepy brains fail them. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 45(4), 158-162.

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Ng, E. P., Ng, D. K., & Chan, C. H. (2009). Sleep duration, wake/sleep symptoms, and academic performance in Hong Kong secondary school children. Sleep & Breathing, 13(4), 357-67.

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Stickgold, R., & Wehrwein, P. (2009). Sleep now, remember later. Newsweek, 153(17), 56-7.

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Killgore, W. D., Kahn-Greene, E. T., Lipizzi, E. L., Newman, R. A., Kamimori, G. H., & Balkin, T. J. (2008). Sleep deprivation reduces perceived emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. Sleep Medicine, 9(5), 517-26.

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Golombek, D., & Cardinali, D. (2008). Mind, brain, education, and biological timing. Mind, Brain, and Education, 2(1), 1-6.

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Walker, M. P. (2008). Cognitive consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Medicine, 9 Suppl 1,S29-34.

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Warner, S., Murray, G., & Meyer, D. (2008). Holiday and school-term sleep patterns of Australian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 31(5), 595-608.

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Yoo, S. S., Hu, P. T., Gujar, N., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007). A deficit in the ability to form new human memories without sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 10(3),385-92.

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Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2006). Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10(5), 323-37.

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Gibson, E. S., Powles, A. C., Thabane, L., O'Brien, S., Molnar, D. S., Trajanovic, N., . . . Chilcott-Tanser L. (2006). "Sleepiness" is serious in adolescence: Two surveys of 3235 Canadian students. BMC Public Health, 6:116.

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Fallone, G., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005). Experimental restriction of sleep opportunity in children: Effects on teacher ratings. Sleep, 28(12), 1561-7.

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Dahl, R. E. (2005). Sleep, learning, and the developing brain: Early-to-bed as a healthy and wise choice for school aged children. Sleep, 28(12), 1498-9.

More information  (Commentary)

 

Stickgold, R., & Walker, M. P. (2005). Sleep and memory: The ongoing debate. Sleep, 28(10), 1225-7.

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Fredriksen, K., Rhodes, J., Reddy, R., & Way, N. (2004). Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the effects of adolescent sleep loss during the middle school years. Child Development, 75(1), 84-95.

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Kamdar, B. B., Kaplan, K. A., Kezirian, E. J., & Dement, W. C. (2004). The impact of extended sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood. Sleep Medicine, 5(5), 441-8.

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Sadeh, A., Gruber, R., & Raviv, A. (2003). The effects of sleep restriction and extension on school-age children: What a difference an hour makes. Child Development, 74(2), 444-55.

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Drake, C., Nickel, C., Burduvali, E., Roth, T., Jefferson, C., & Pietro, B. (2003). The pediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS): Sleep habits and school outcomes in middle-school children. Sleep, 26(4), 455-8.

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Shin, C., Kim, J., Lee, S., Ahn, Y., & Joo, S. (2003). Sleep habits, excessive daytime sleepiness and school performance in high school students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 57(4), 451-453.

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Steenari, M. R., Vuontela, V., Paavonen, E. J., Carlson, S., Fjallberg, M., & Aronen, E. (2003). Working memory and sleep in 6- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(1), 85-92.

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Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2003). Understanding adolescents' sleep patterns and school performance: A critical appraisal. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 7(6), 491-506.

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Mitru, G., Millrood, D. L., & Mateika, J. H. (2002). The impact of sleep on learning and behavior in adolescents. Teachers College Record, 104(4), 704-26.

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Epstein, R., Chillag, N., & Lavie, P. (1998). Starting times of school: Effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21(3), 250-6.

More information

 

Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (1998). Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Development, 69(4), 875-87.

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Dahl, R. E. (1996). The impact of inadequate sleep on children's daytime cognitive function. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 3(1), 44-50.

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Thorpy, M. J., Korman, E., Spielman, A. J., & Glovinsky, P. B. (1988). Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents.  Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9(1), 22-7.

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Sleep Loss & Accidents or Injury

Bin-Hasan, S., Kapur, K., Rakesh, K., & Owens, J. (2020). School start time change and motor vehicles crashes in adolescent drivers. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8208

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Gao, B., Dwivedi, S., Milewski, M. D., & Cruz, A. I. (2019). Lack of sleep and sports injuries in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 39(5), e324-e333. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000001306

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Foss, R. D., Smith, R. L., & O'Brien, N. P. (2019). School start times and teenage driver motor vehicle crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 126, 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.031

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Liu, X., Liu, Z. Z., Wang, Z. Y., Yang, Y., Liu, B. P., & Jia, C. X. (2018). Daytime sleepiness predicts future suicidal behavior: A longitudinal study of adolescents. Sleep, 42(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy225
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Weaver, M. D., Barger, L. K., Malone, S. K., Anderson, L. S., & Klerman, E. B. (2018). Dose-dependent associations between sleep duration and unsafe behaviors among US high school students. JAMA Pediatrics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2777
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Alderman, E. M., Johnston, B. D., Committee on Adolescence, & Council on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. (2018). The teen driver (policy statement). Pediatrics, 142(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2163

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Chiu, H. Y., Lee, H. C., Chen, P. Y., Lai, Y. F., & Tu, Y. K. (2018). Associations between sleep duration and suicidality in adolescents: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2018.07.003

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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U. S. Department of Transportation. (2017, March). Asleep at the wheel: A national compendium of efforts to eliminate drowsy driving. Retrieved from https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/12723-drowsy_driving_asleep_at_the_wheel_031917_v4b_tag.pdf

 

Copenhaver, E. A., & Diamond, A. B. (2017). The value of sleep on athletic performance, injury, and recovery in the young athlete. Pediatric Annals, 46(3), e106-e111.

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Liu, X., Chen, H., Bo, Q. G., Fan F., Jia, C. X. (2016). Poor sleep quality and nightmares are associated with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

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Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.

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Wheaton, A. G., Olsen, E. O., Miller, G. F., & Croft, J. B. (2016). Sleep duration and injury-related risk behaviors among high school students — United States, 2007–2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65(13), 337-341.

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Kim, S. Y., Sim, S., Kim, S. G., Choi, H. G. (2015). Sleep deprivation is associated with bicycle accidents and slip and fall injuries in Korean adolescents. PLoS One, 10(8), e0135753. 

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Hysing, M., Sivertsen, B., Stormark, K. M., & O'Connor, R. C. (2015). Sleep problems and self-harm in adolescence. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 207(4), 306-12.

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Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.

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Vorona, R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Lamichhane, R., Ware, J. C., McNallen, A., & Leszczyszyn D. (2014) Adolescent crash rates and school start times in two central Virginia counties, 2009-2011: A follow-up study to a southeastern Virginia study, 2007-2008. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 10(11), 1169-77.

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Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(1), 75-87.

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Milewski, M. D., Skaggs, D. L., Bishop, G. A., Pace, J. L., Ibrahim, D. A., Wren, T. A., & Barzdukas, A. (2014). Chronic lack of sleep is associated with increased sports injuries in adolescent athletes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 34(2), 129-133.

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Hildenbrand, A. K., Daly, B. P., Nicholls, E., Brooks‐Holliday, S., & Kloss, J. D. (2013). Increased risk for school violence‐related behaviors among adolescents with insufficient sleep. Journal of School Health, 83(6), 408-414.

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Martiniuk A. L., Senserrick T., Lo S., Williamson A., Du W., Grunstein R. R., . . . Ivers R. Q. (2013). Sleep-deprived young drivers and the risk for crash: The DRIVE prospective cohort study. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(7), 647-55.

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Lucidi, F., Mallia, L., Violani, C., Giustiniani, G., & Persia, L. (2013). The contributions of sleep-related risk factors to diurnal car accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 51, 135-140.

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Vorona R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Wu, A., Dubik, M., Zhao, Y., & Ware, J. C. (2011). Dissimilar teen crash rates in two neighboring southeastern Virginia cities with different high school start times. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(2), 145-51.

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Marhefka, J. K. (2011). Sleep deprivation: Consequences for students. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 49(9), 20-5.

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Hayes, D., (2010). Impact of inadequate sleep on unintentional injuries in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 491-507.

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Pizza, F., Contardi, S., Antognini, A. B., Zagoraiou, M., Borrotti, M., Mostacci, B., . . . Cirignotta, F. (2010). Sleep quality and motor vehicle crashes in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 6(1), 41-5.

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Smith, S. S., Horswill, M. S., Chambers, B., & Wetton, M. (2009). Hazard perception in novice and experienced drivers: The effects of sleepiness. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 41(4), 729-33.

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Danner, F., & Phillips, B. (2008). Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(6), 536-7.

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Landrigan, C. P. (2008). Driving drowsy. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(6), 536-7. 

More information (Commentary)

 

Dahl, R. E. (2008). Biological, developmental, and neurobehavioral factors relevant to adolescent driving risks. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S278-84.

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Hutchens, L., Senserrick, T. M., Jamieson, P. E., Romer, D., & Winston, F. K. (2008). Teen driver crash risk and associations with smoking and drowsy driving. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 40(3), 869-76.

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Keating, D. P., & Halpern-Felsher, B. L. (2008). Adolescent drivers: A developmental perspective on risk, proficiency, and safety. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S272-7.

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Li, Y., Jin, H., Owens, J. A., & Hu, C. (2008). The association between sleep and injury among school-aged children in rural China: A case-control study. Sleep Medicine, 9(2), 142-8.

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Shope, J. T., & Bingham, C. R. (2008). Teen driving: Motor-vehicle crashes and factors that contribute. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S261-71.

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Lam, L. T., & Yang, L. (2007). Short duration of sleep and unintentional injuries among adolescents in China. American Journal of Epidemiology, 166(9), 1053-8.

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Groeger, J. A. (2006). Youthfulness, inexperience, and sleep loss: The problems young drivers face and those they pose for us. Injury Prevention, 12(Suppl 1), i19-24.

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Stallones, L., Beseler, C., & Chen, P. (2006). Sleep patterns and risk of injury among adolescent farm residents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(4), 300-4.

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Millman, R. P. (2005). Excessive sleepiness in adolescents and young adults: Causes, consequences, and treatment strategies. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1774-86.

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O'Brien, E. M., & Mindell, J. A. (2005). Sleep and risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 3(3),113-33.

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McConnell, C. F., Bretz, K. M., & Dwyer, W. O. (2003). Falling asleep at the wheel: A close look at 1,269 fatal and serious injury-producing crashes. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 1(3), 171-83. 

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Feyer, A. M. (2001). Fatigue: Time to recognize and deal with an old problem. BMJ, 322(7290), 808-9.

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Valent, F., Brusaferro, S., & Barbone, F. (2001). A case-crossover study of sleep and childhood injury. Pediatrics, 107(2), E23.

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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (1998). Drowsy driving and automobile crashes. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/drowsy.html

 

McCartt, A. T., Ribner, S. A., Pack, A. I., & Hammer, M. C. (1996). The scope and nature of the drowsy driving problem in New York State. Accident, Analysis and Prevention, 28(4),511-17.

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Pack, A. I., Pack, A. M., Rodgman, E., Cucchiara, A., Dinges, D. F., & Schwab, C. W. (1995). Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 27(6), 769-75.

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Sleep Loss & Behavioral or Emotional Issues

Yeo, S. C., Tan, J., Lo, J. C., Chee, M., & Gooley, J. J. (2020). Associations of time spent on homework or studying with nocturnal sleep behavior and depression symptoms in adolescents from Singapore. Sleep Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.011

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Wang, Y., & Yip, T. (2019). Sleep facilitates coping: Moderated mediation of daily sleep, ethnic/racial discrimination, stress responses, and adolescent well‐being. Child Development. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13324

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Berger, A. T., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Widome, R. (2019). Relationships between sleep duration and adolescent depression: A conceptual replication. Sleep Health, 5(2), 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2018.12.003

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Liu, X., Liu, Z. Z., Wang, Z. Y., Yang, Y., Liu, B. P., & Jia, C. X. (2018). Daytime sleepiness predicts future suicidal behavior: A longitudinal study of adolescents. Sleep, 42(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy225
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Chiu, H. Y., Lee, H. C., Chen, P. Y., Lai, Y. F., & Tu, Y. K. (2018). Associations between sleep duration and suicidality in adolescents: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2018.07.003

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Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D., Connolly, H., & O'Connor, T. G. (2017). A process-oriented model linking adolescents' sleep hygiene and psychological functioning: The moderating role of school start times. Sleep Health. Advance online publication.

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Wahlstrom, K. L., Berger, A. T., & Widome, R. (2017). Relationships between school start time, sleep duration, and adolescent behaviors. Sleep Health, 3(3), 216-221.

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Uy, J. P., & Galván, A. (2017). Sleep duration moderates the association between insula activation and risky decisions under stress in adolescents and adults. Neuropsychologia, 95, 119-129.

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Street, N. W., McCormick, M. C., Austin, S. B., Slopen, N., Habre, R., & Molnar, B. E. (2016). Sleep duration and risk of physical aggression against peers in urban youth. Sleep Health, 2(2), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.03.002

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Beebe, D. W. (2016). The cumulative impact of adolescent sleep loss: Next steps. Sleep, 39(3), 497-9.

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Miller, M. B., Janssen, T., & Jackson, K. M. (2017). The prospective association between sleep and initiation of substance use in young adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(2), 154-160.

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Conroy, D. A. (2017). The role of sleep on the pathway to substance abuse in teens. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(2), 129-130.

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Owens, J. A., Dearth-Wesley, T., Lewin, D., Gioia, G., & Whitaker, R. C. (2016). Self-regulation and sleep duration, sleepiness, and chronotype in adolescents. Pediatrics, 138(6).

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Zhang, J., Paksarian, D., Lamers, F., Hickie, I. B., He, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2016). Sleep patterns and mental health correlates in US adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 182, 137-143.

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Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.

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McMakin, D. L., Dahl, R. E., Buysse, D. J., Cousins, J.C., Forbes, E. E., Silk, J. S.,... Franzen, P. L. (2016). The impact of experimental sleep restriction on affective functioning in social and nonsocial contexts among adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

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Short, M. A., & Louca, M. (2015). Sleep deprivation leads to mood deficits in healthy adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 16(8), 987-993.

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Lo, J. C., Ong, J. L., Leong, R. L., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. (2015). Cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood in partially sleep deprived adolescents: The need for sleep study. Sleep, 39(3), 687-98.

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Segura-Jiménez, V., Carbonell-Baeza, A., Keating, X. D., Ruiz, J. R., & Castro-Piñero, J. (2015). Association of sleep patterns with psychological positive health and health complaints in children and adolescents. Quality of Life Research, 24(4), 885-895.

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Schmidt, R. E., & Van der Linden, M. (2015). The relations between sleep, personality, behavioral problems, and school performance in adolescents. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 10(2), 117-123.

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Winsler A., Deutsch A., Vorona R. D., Payne P. A., Szklo-Coxe M. (2015). Sleepless in Fairfax: The difference one more hour of sleep can make for teen hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(2), 362-78.

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Meldrum, R. C., Barnes, J. C., & Hay, C. (2015). Sleep deprivation, low self-control, and delinquency: A test of the strength model of self-control. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(2), 465-77.

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Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.

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Meldrum, R. C., & Restivo, E. (2014). The behavioral and health consequences of sleep deprivation among US high school students: Relative deprivation matters. Preventive Medicine, 63, 24-28.

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Stea, T. H., Knutsen, T., & Torstveit, M. K. (2014). Association between short time in bed, health-risk behaviors and poor academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 15(6), 666-671.

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Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(1), 75-87.

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Baum, K. T., Desai, A., Field, J., Miller, L. E., Rausch, J., & Beebe, D. W. (2014). Sleep restriction worsens mood and emotion regulation in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(2), 180-190.

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Hildenbrand, A. K., Daly, B. P., Nicholls, E., Brooks‐Holliday, S., & Kloss, J. D. (2013). Increased risk for school violence‐related behaviors among adolescents with insufficient sleep. Journal of School Health, 83(6), 408-414.

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Hasler, B. P, & Clark, D B. (2013). Circadian misalignment, reward-related brain function, and adolescent alcohol involvement. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(4), 558-65.

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Wheaton, A. G., Perry, G. S., Chapman, D. P., & Croft, J. B. (2013). Self-reported sleep duration and weight-control strategies among U.S. high school students. Sleep, 36(8), 1139-45.

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Roberts, R. E., & Duong, H. T. (2013). The prospective association between sleep deprivation and depression among adolescents. Sleep, 37(2), 239-244.

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Vriend, J. L., Davidson, F. D., Corkum, P. V., Rusak, B., Chambers, C. T., & McLaughlin, E. N. (2013). Manipulating sleep duration alters emotional functioning and cognitive performance in children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 38(10), 1058-69.

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Miller, N. L., Tvaryanas, A. P., & Shattuck, L. G. (2012). Accommodating adolescent sleep-wake patterns: The effects of shifting the timing of sleep on training effectiveness. Sleep, 35(8), 1123–1136.

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Gruber, R., Cassoff, J., Frenette, S., Wiebe, S., & Carrier, J. (2012). Impact of sleep extension and restriction on children's emotional liability and impulsivity. Pediatrics, 130(5), 1155-1161.

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Hasler, B. P., Dahl, R. E., Holm, S. M., Jakubcak, J. L, Ryan, N. D., Silk, J. S., . . . Forbes, E. E. (2012). Weekend-weekday advances in sleep timing are associated with altered reward-related brain function in healthy adolescents. Biological Psychology, 91(3), 334-41.
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Dagys, N., McGlinchey, E. L., Talbot, L. S., Kaplan, K. A, Dahl, R. E., & Harvey, A. G. (2012). Double trouble? The effects of sleep deprivation and chronotype on adolescent affect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(6), 660-7.
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Pasch, K. E., Latimer, L. A., Cance, J. D., Moe, S. G., & Lytle, L. A. (2012). Longitudinal bi-directional relationships between sleep and youth substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(9), 1184-96.
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Lee, Y. J., Cho, S. J., Cho, I. H., & Kim, S. J. (2012). Insufficient sleep and suicidality in adolescents. Sleep, 35(4), 455-60.

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Clinkinbeard, S. S., Simi, P., Evans, M. K., & Anderson, A. L. (2011). Sleep and delinquency: Does the amount of sleep matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(7), 916-30.
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McKnight-Eily, L. R., Eaton, D. K., Lowry, R., Croft, J. B., Presley-Cantrell, L., & Perry, G. S. (2011). Relationships between hours of sleep and health-risk behaviors in US adolescent students. Preventive Medicine, 53(4-5), 271-3
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Beebe, D. W. (2011). Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 58(3), 649-65.

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Brand, S., & Kirov, R. (2011). Sleep and its importance in adolescence and in common adolescent somatic and psychiatric conditions. International Journal of General Medicine, 4, 425-442.

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Marhefka, J. K. (2011). Sleep deprivation: Consequences for students. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 49(9), 20-5.

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Silva, G. E, Goodwin, J. L., Parthasarathy, S., Sherrill, D. L., Vana, K. D., Drescher, A. A., & Quan, S. F. (2011). Longitudinal association between short sleep, body weight, and emotional and learning problems in Hispanic and Caucasian children. Sleep, 34(9), 1197-205.
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McGlinchey, E. L., Talbot, L. S., Chang, K. H., Kaplan, K. A., Dahl, R. E., & Harvey, A. G. (2011). The effect of sleep deprivation on vocal expression of emotion in adolescents and adults. Sleep, 34(9), 1233-41.

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Suzuki, H., Kaneita, Y., Osaki, Y., Minowa, M., Kanda, H., Suzuki, K., . . . Ohida, T. (2011) Clarification of the factor structure of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire among Japanese adolescents and associated sleep status. Psychiatry Research, 188(1), 138-46.

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Lemola, S., Schwarz, B., & Siffert, A. (2011). Interparental conflict and early adolescents' aggression: Is irregular sleep a vulnerability factor? Journal of Adolescence, 35(1), 97-105.
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Moore, M., Slane, J., Mindell, J. A., Burt, S. A., & Klump, K. L. (2011). Sleep problems and temperament in adolescents. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(4), 559-62.

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Lamberg, L. (2010). Later High School Start Times May Benefit Teens' Mental Health. Psychiatric News, 45(16), 5.

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Glozier, N., Martiniuk, A., Patton, G., Ivers, R., Li, Q., Hickie, I., . . . Stevenson, M. (2010). Short sleep duration in prevalent and persistent psychological distress in young adults: The DRIVE study. Sleep, 33(9), 1139-45.

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Regestein, Q., Natarajan, V., Pavlova, M., Kawasaki, S., Gleason, R., & Koff, E. (2010). Sleep debt and depression in female college students. Psychiatry Research, 17(1), 34-9.

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Moore, M., Kirchner, H. L., Drotar, D., Johnson, N., Rosen, C., Ancoli-Israel, S., & Redline, S. (2009). Relationships among sleepiness, sleep time, and psychological functioning in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34(10), 1175-83.

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Smaldone, A., Honig, J. C., & Byrne, M. W. (2009). Does assessing sleep inadequacy across its continuum inform associations with child and family health? Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 23(6), 394-404.

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Holm, S. M., Forbes, E. E., Ryan, N. D., Phillips, M. L., Tarr, J. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2009). Reward-related brain function and sleep in pre/early pubertal and mid/late pubertal adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 326-34.

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Pesonen, A. K., Räikkönen, K., Paavonen, E. J., Heinonen, K., Komsi, N., Lahti, J., . . . Strandberg, T. (2010). Sleep duration and regularity are associated with behavioral problems in 8-year-old children. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17(4), 298-305.

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Lam, L. T., & Yang, L. (2009). Duration of sleep and ADHD tendency among adolescents in China. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(4), 437-44.

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Paunio, T., Korhonen, T., Hublin, C., Partinen, M., Kivimäki, M., Koskenvuo, M., & Kaprio, J. (2009). Longitudinal study on poor sleep and life dissatisfaction in a nationwide cohort of twins. American Journal of Epidemiology, 169(2), 206-13.

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Stickgold, R., & Wehrwein, P. (2009). Sleep now, remember later. Newsweek, 153(17), 56-7.

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Beebe, D. W., Fallone, G., Godiwala, N., Flanigan, M., Martin, D., Schaffner, L., & Amin, R. (2008). Feasibility and behavioral effects of an at-home multi-night sleep restriction protocol for adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 49(9), 915-23.

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Oginska, H., & Pokorski, J. (2006). Fatigue and mood correlates of sleep length in three age-social groups: School children, students, and employees. Chronobiology International, 23(6), 1317-28.

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Fallone, G., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005). Experimental restriction of sleep opportunity in children: Effects on teacher ratings. Sleep, 28(12), 1561-7.

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Fredriksen, K., Rhodes, J., Reddy, R., & Way, N. (2004). Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the effects of adolescent sleep loss during the middle school years. Child Development, 75(1), 84-95.

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Kamdar, B. B., Kaplan, K. A., Kezirian, E. J., & Dement, W. C. (2004). The impact of extended sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood. Sleep Medicine, 5(5), 441-8.

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Mitru, G., Millrood, D. L., & Mateika, J. H. (2002). The impact of sleep on learning and behavior in adolescents. Teachers College Record, 104(4), 704-26.

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Sadeh, A., Gruber, R., & Raviv, A. (2002). Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning, and behavior problems in school-age children. Child Development, 73(2), 405-17.

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Aronen, E. T., Paavonen, E. J., Fjällberg, M., Soininen, M., & Törrönen, J. (2000). Sleep and psychiatric symptoms in school-age children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(4), 502-8.

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Dahl, R. (1999). The consequences of insufficient sleep for adolescents: Links between sleep and emotional regulation, Phi Delta Kappan, 80(5), 354-59. 

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Epstein, R., Chillag, N., & Lavie, P. (1998). Starting times of school: Effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21(3), 250-6.

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Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (1998). Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Development, 69(4), 875-87.

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Dahl, R. (1997). The regulation of sleep and arousal: Development and psychopathology. In Margaret E. Hertzig (Ed.), Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 1997 (pp. 3-28). Brunner/Mazel, Philadelphia.

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Pilcher, J. J., & Huffcutt, A. I. (1996). Effects of sleep deprivation on performance: A meta-analysis. Sleep, 19(4), 318-26.

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Gau, S. F., & Soong, W. T. (1995). Sleep problems of junior high school students in Taipei. Sleep, 18(8), 667-73.

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Sleep Loss & Physical Health

Gelfand, A. A., Pavitt, S., Ross, A. C., Szperka, C. L., Irwin, S. L., Bertisch, S., Stone, K. L., Frazier, R., Grimes, B., & Allen, I. E. (2020). Later high school start time is associated with lower migraine frequency in adolescents. Headache. Advance online publication.

https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14016

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Alcántara, C., Cosenzo, L. G., Leigh, A. K., Shimbo, D., & Miller, G. E. (2019). Longer sleep duration and endothelial cell health among a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Psychosomatic Medicine, 81(9), 778-781.

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Cespedes, E. F., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Quante, M., Redline, S., Oken, E., & Taveras, E. M. (2019). Chronotype, social jet lag, and cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescence. JAMA Pediatrics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3089

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Tambalis, K. D., Panagiotakos, D. B., Psarra, G., & Sidossis, L. S. (2018). Insufficient sleep duration is associated with dietary habits, screen time, and obesity in children. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14(10), 1689-1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7374

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Feliciano, E. M. C., Quante, M., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Redline, S., Oken, E., & Taveras, E. M. (2018). Objective sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic health in young adolescents. Pediatrics, 142(1), e20174085. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4085

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Miller, M. B., Janssen, T., & Jackson, K. M. (2017). The prospective association between sleep and initiation of substance use in young adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(2), 154-160.

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Conroy, D. A. (2017). The role of sleep on the pathway to substance abuse in teens. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(2), 129-130.

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Chaput, J. P., & Dutil, C. (2016). Lack of sleep as a contributor to obesity in adolescents: Impacts on eating and activity behaviors. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13(1), 1-9.

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Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.

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Kelly, N. R., Shomaker, L. B., Radin, R. M., Thompson, K. A., Cassidy, O. L., Brady, S.,... Yanovski, J. A. (2016). Associations of sleep duration and quality with disinhibited eating behaviors in adolescent girls at-risk for type 2 diabetes. Eating Behaviors, 22, 149-155.

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Franckle, R. L., Falbe, J., Gortmaker, S., Ganter, C., Taveras, E. M., Land, T., & Davison, K. K. (2015). Insufficient sleep among elementary and middle school students is linked with elevated soda consumption and other unhealthy dietary behaviors. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted To Practice And Theory, 7436-41.

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Krueger, P. M., Reither, E. N., Peppard, P. E., Burger, A. E., & Hale, L. (2015). Cumulative exposure to short sleep and body mass outcomes: A prospective study. Journal of Sleep Research, 24(6), 629-38.

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Simon, S. L., Field, J., Miller, L. E., DiFrancesco, M., & Beebe, D. W. (2015). Sweet/dessert foods are more appealing to adolescents after sleep restriction. PloS one, 10(2), e0115434.

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Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.

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Orzech, K. M., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., Barker, D., & Carskadon, M. A. (2014). Sleep patterns are associated with common illness in adolescents. Journal of Sleep Research, 23(2), 133-142.

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Au, C. T., Ho, C. K. W., Wing, Y. K., Lam, H. S., & Li, A. M. (2014). Acute and chronic effects of sleep duration on blood pressure. Pediatrics, 133(1), e64-e72.

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Meldrum, R. C., & Restivo, E. (2014). The behavioral and health consequences of sleep deprivation among US high school students: Relative deprivation matters. Preventive Medicine, 63, 24-28.

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Matthews, K. A., Hall, M., & Dahl, R. E. (2014). Sleep in healthy black and white adolescents. Pediatrics, 133(5), e1189-96.

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Iglayreger, H. B., Peterson, M. D., Liu, D., Parker, C. A., Woolford, S. J., Gafka, B. J., ... & Gordon, P. M. (2014). Sleep duration predicts cardiometabolic risk in obese adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 164(5), 1085-1090.

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Stea, T. H., Knutsen, T., & Torstveit, M. K. (2014). Association between short time in bed, health-risk behaviors and poor academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 15(6), 666-671.

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Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(1), 75-87.

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Meininger, J. C., Gallagher, M. R., Eissa, M. A., Nguyen, T. Q., & Chan, W. (2014). Sleep duration and its association with ambulatory blood pressure in a school-based, diverse sample of adolescents. American Journal of Hypertension, 27(7), 948-955.

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Nugent, R., Althouse, A., Yaqub, Y., Nugent, K., & Raj, R. (2014). Modeling the relation between obesity and sleep parameters in children referred for dietary weight reduction intervention. Southern Medical Journal, 107(8), 473-480.

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Suglia S. F., Kara S., Robinson W. R. (2014). Sleep duration and obesity among adolescents transitioning to adulthood: Do results differ by sex? The Journal of Pediatrics, 165(4), 750-754.

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Kruger, A. K., Reither, E. N., Peppard, P. E., Krueger, P. M., & Hale, L. (2014). Do sleep-deprived adolescents make less-healthy food choices?. British Journal of Nutrition, 111(10), 1898-1904.

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Kjeldsen, J. S., Hjorth, M. F., Andersen, R., Michaelsen, K. F., Tetens, I., Astrup, A., ... & Sjödin, A. (2014). Short sleep duration and large variability in sleep duration are independently associated with dietary risk factors for obesity in Danish school children. International Journal of Obesity, 38(1), 32-39.

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Burt, J., Dube, L., Thibault, L., & Gruber, R. (2014). Sleep and eating in childhood: A potential behavioral mechanism underlying the relationship between poor sleep and obesity. Sleep Medicine, 15(1), 71-75.

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Hasler, B. P, & Clark, D B. (2013). Circadian misalignment, reward-related brain function, and adolescent alcohol involvement. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(4), 558-65.

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Wheaton, A. G., Perry, G. S., Chapman, D. P., & Croft, J. B. (2013). Self-reported sleep duration and weight-control strategies among U.S. high school students. Sleep, 36(8), 1139-45.

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Hart, C. N., Carskadon, M. A., Considine, R. V., Fava, J. L., Lawton, J., Raynor, H. A., ... & Wing, R. (2013). Changes in children’s sleep duration on food intake, weight, and leptin. Pediatrics, 132(6), e1473-e1480.

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Bel, S., Michels, N., De Vriendt, T., Patterson, E., Cuenca-García, M., Diethelm, K., ... & Huybrechts, I. (2013). Association between self-reported sleep duration and dietary quality in European adolescents. British Journal of Nutrition, 110(5), 949-959.

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Park, S. (2013). The association between short sleep duration and body mass index among South Korean children and adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing, 29(2), 142-150.

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Mitchell, J. A., Rodriguez, D., Schmitz, K. H., & Audrain-McGovern, J. (2013). Sleep duration and adolescent obesity. Pediatrics, 131(5), e1428-34.

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Beebe, D. W., Simon, S., Summer, S., Hemmer, S., Strotman, D., & Dolan, L. M. (2013). Dietary intake following experimentally restricted sleep in adolescents. Sleep, 36(6), 827-834.

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Matthews, K. A., Dahl, R. E., Owens, J. F., Lee, L., & Hall, M. (2012). Sleep duration and insulin resistance in healthy black and white adolescents. Sleep, 35(10), 1353-8.

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Roenneberg, T., Allebrandt, K. V., Merrow, M., & Vetter, C. (2012). Social jetlag and obesity. Current Biology, 22(10), 939-43.

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Liu, J., Zhang, A., & Li, L. (2012). Sleep duration and overweight/obesity in children: Review and implications for pediatric nursing. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 17(3), 193-204.
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Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4. 

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Zhang, S., Liu, X., Kim, J. S., Ouyang, F., Wang, B., Li, Z., . . . Wang, X. (2011). Association between short sleep duration and the risk of sensitization to food and aero allergens in rural Chinese adolescents. Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 41(4), 547-55.

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Kong, A. P., Wing, Y. K., Choi, K. C., Li, A. M., Ko, G. T., Ma, R. C., . . . Chan, J. C. (2011). Associations of sleep duration with obesity and serum lipid profile in children and adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 12(7), 659-65.

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Silva, G. E., Goodwin, J. L., Parthasarathy, S., Sherrill, D. L., Vana, K. D., Drescher, A. A., & Quan, S. F. (2011). Longitudinal association between short sleep, body weight, and emotional and learning problems in Hispanic and Caucasian children. Sleep, 34(9), 1197-205.
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Nielsen, L. S., Danielsen, K. V., & Sørensen, T. I. (2011). Short sleep duration as a possible cause of obesity: Critical analysis of the epidemiological evidence. Obesity Reviews, 12(2), 78-92.

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Bell, J.F., & Zimmerman, F. J. (2010). Shortened nighttime sleep duration in early life and subsequent childhood obesity. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(9), 840-5.

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Weiss, A., Xu, F., Storfer-Isser, A., Thomas, A., Ievers-Landis, C. E., & Redline, S. (2010). The association of sleep duration with adolescents’ fat and carbohydrate consumption. Sleep, 33(9), 1201-1209.

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Al-Disi, D., Al-Daghri, N., Khanam, L., Al-Othman, A., Al-Saif, M., Sabico, S., & Chrousos, G. (2010) Subjective sleep duration and quality influence diet composition and circulating adipocytokines and ghrelin levels in teen-age girls. Endocrine Journal, 57(10), 915-23.

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Park, S. (2010). Association between short sleep duration and obesity among South Korean adolescents. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 33(2), 207-23.

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Gangwisch, J. E., Malaspina, D., Babiss, L. A., Opler, M. G., Posner, K., Shen, S., . . . Ginsberg, H. N. (2010). Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia: Analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Sleep, 33(7), 956-61.

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Shan, X. Y., Xi, B., Cheng, H., Hou, D. Q., Wang, Y., & Mi, J. (2010). Prevalence and behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among children aged 2-18 in Beijing, China. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 5(5), 383-9.

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Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (2010). Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release and metabolism. Endocrine Development, 17, 11-21.

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Noland, H., Price, J. H., Dake, J., & Telljohann, S. K. (2009). Adolescents' sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. The Journal of School Health, 79(5), 224-30.

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Sun, Y., Sekine, M., & Kagamimori, S. (2009). Lifestyle and overweight among Japanese adolescents: The Toyama Birth Cohort Study. Journal of Epidemiology, 19(6), 303-10.

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Hitze, B., Bosy-Westphal, A., Bielfeldt, F., Settler, U., Plachta-Danielzik, S., Pfeuffer, M., . . . Müller, M. J. (2009). Determinants and impact of sleep duration in children and adolescents: Data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63(6), 739-46.

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Bawazeer, N. M., Al-Daghri, N. M., Valsamakis, G,, Al-Rubeaan, K. A., Sabico, S. L., Huang, T. T., . . . Kumar, S. (2009). Sleep duration and quality associated with obesity among Arab children. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17(12), 2251-3.

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Westerlund, L., Ray, C., & Roos, E. (2009). Associations between sleeping habits and food consumption patterns among 10-11-year-old children in Finland. British Journal of Nutrition, 102(3), 1-7.

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Ozturk, A., Mazicioglu, M., Poyrazoglu, S., Cicek, B., Gunay, O., & Kurtoglu, S. (2009). The relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents. Acta Paediatrica, 98(4), 699-702.

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Yarcheski, T. J., Mahon, N. E., & Yarcheski, A. (2009). Vigor and fatigue and positive health practices in young adolescents. Psychological Reports, 104(2), 693-7.

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Moore, M., & Meltzer, L. J. (2008). The sleepy adolescent: Causes and consequences of sleepiness in teens. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 9(2), 114-20.

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Liu, X., Forbes, E. E., Ryan, N. D., Rofey, D., Hannon, T. S., & Dahl, R. E. (2008). Rapid eye movement sleep in relation to overweight in children and adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(8), 924-32.

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Chen, X., Beydoun, M. A., & Wang, Y. (2008). Is sleep duration associated with childhood obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring), 16(2), 265-74.

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Green, C. B., Takahashi, J. S., & Bass, J. (2008). The Meter of Metabolism. Cell, 134(5), 728-742.

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Patel, S. R., & Hu, F. B. (2008). Short sleep duration and weight gain: A systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring), 16(3), 643-53.

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Van Cauter, E., & Knutson, K. L. (2008). Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. European Journal of Endocrinology, 159(Suppl 1), S59-66.

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Van Cauter, E., Spiegel, K., Tasali, E., & Leproult, R. (2008). Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Medicine, 9(Suppl 1), S23-8.

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Smaldone, A., Honig, J. C., & Byrne, M. W. (2007). Sleepless in America: Inadequate sleep and relationships to health and well-being of our nation's children. Pediatrics, 119(Suppl 1), S29-37.

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Lumeng, J. C., Somashekar, D., Appugliese, D., Kaciroti, N., Corwyn, R. F., & Bradley, R. H. (2007). Shorter sleep duration is associated with increased risk for being overweight at ages 9 to 12 year. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1020-9.

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Seicean, A., Redline, S., Seicean, S., Kirchner, H. L., Gao, Y., Sekine, M., . . . Storfer-Isser, A. (2007). Association between short sleeping hours and overweight in adolescents: Results from a US Suburban High School survey. Sleep & Breathing, 11(4), 285-93.

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Chaput, J. P., & Tremblay, A. (2007). Does short sleep duration favor abdominal adiposity in children? International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 2(3), 188-91.

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Currie, A., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2007). Sleep in children and adolescents: A worrying scenario: Can we understand the sleep deprivation-obesity epidemic? Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 17(3), 230-2.

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Snell, E. K, Adam, E. K, & Duncan, G. J. (2007). Sleep and the body mass index and overweight status of children and adolescents. Child Development, 78(1), 309-23.

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Yu, Y., Lu, B. S., Wang, B., Wang, H., Yang, J., Li, Z.,. . . Wang, X. (2007). Short sleep duration and adiposity in Chinese adolescents. Sleep, 30(12), 1688-97.

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Chaput, J. P., Brunet, M., & Tremblay, A. (2006). Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: Results from the 'Québec en Forme' Project. International Journal of Obesity30(7), 1080-5.

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Taheri, S. (2006). The link between short sleep duration and obesity: We should recommend more sleep to prevent obesity. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91(11), 881-4.

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Knutson, K. L. (2005). Sex differences in the association between sleep and body mass index in adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 147(6), 830-4.

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Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004). Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Medicine, 1(3), e62.

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Dahl, R. E., & Lewin, D.S. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(6 Suppl), 175-84.

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Gupta, N. K., Mueller, W. H., Chan, W., & Meininger, J. C. (2002). Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? American Journal of Human Biology, 14(6), 762-8.

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Giugliano, R., & Carneiro, E. C. (2002). Factors associated with obesity in school children. Jornal de Pediatria, 80(1), 17-22.

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von Kries, R., Toschke, A. M., Wurmser, H., Sauerwald, T., & Koletzko, B. (2002). Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep--a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26(5), 710-6.

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Carpenter, S. (2001). Sleep deprivation may be undermining teen health. Monitor on Psychology, 32(9).

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Kelman, B. B. (1999). The sleep needs of adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing, 15(3),14-9.

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Sleep Loss and Athletic Performance and Safety

Copenhaver, E. A., & Diamond, A. B. (2017). The value of sleep on athletic performance, injury, and recovery in the young athlete. Pediatric Annals, 46(3), e106-e111.

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Suppiah, H. T., Low, C. Y., & Chia, M. (2016). Effects of sport-specific training intensity on sleep patterns and psychomotor performance in adolescent athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 28(4), 588-595.

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Sufrinko, A., Johnson, E. W., & Henry, L. C. (2016). The influence of sleep duration and sleep-related symptoms on baseline neurocognitive performance among male and female high school athletes. Neuropsychology, 30(4), 484-491.

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Start Times and Attendance, Absenteeism, and Tardiness

McKeever, P. M., Clark, L. (2017). Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on graduation rates and attendance rates. Sleep Health, 9(2), 119-125.

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Hysing, M., Haugland, S., Stormark, K. M., Bøe, T., & Sivertsen, B. (2015). Sleep and school attendance in adolescence: Results from a large population-based study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 43(1), 2-9.

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Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.

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Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.

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Owens, J. A., Belon, K., & Moss, P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(7), 608-14.

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Wolfson, A. R., Spaulding, N. L., Dandrow, C., & Baroni, E. M. (2007). Middle school start times: The importance of a good night's sleep for young adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 25(3), 194-209.

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Wahlstrom, K. (2002). Changing times: Findings from the first longitudinal study of later high school start times. NASSP Bulletin, 86(633), 3-21.

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Disadvantaged Populations

McKeever, P. M., Clark, L. (in press). Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on graduation rates and attendance rates. Sleep Health. 

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Combs, D., Goodwin, J. L., Quan, S. F., Morgan, W. J., & Parthasarathy, S. (2015). Longitudinal differences in sleep duration in Hispanic and Caucasian children. Sleep Medicine, 18, 61-66.

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Matthews, K. A., Hall, M., & Dahl, R. E. (2014). Sleep in healthy black and white adolescents. Pediatrics, 133(5), e1189-96.

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Basch C. E., Basch C. H., Ruggles K. V., Rajan S. (2014). Prevalence of sleep duration on an average school night among 4 nationally representative successive samples of American high school students, 2007–2013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 11(E216), 1-5.

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Matthews, K. A., Dahl, R. E., Owens, J. F., Lee, L., & Hall, M. (2012). Sleep duration and insulin resistance in healthy black and white adolescents. Sleep, 35(10), 1353-8.

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Buckhalt, J. A. (2011). Insufficient sleep and the socioeconomic status achievement gap. Child Development Perspectives, 5(1), 59-65.

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Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4. 

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Economic Consequences

Hafner, M., Stepanek, M., & Troxel, W. M. (2017). Later school start times in the U.S.: An economic analysis (Research Report No. RR-2109-RE). Retrieved from RAND Corporation website: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2100/RR2109/RAND_RR2109.pdf

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Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.

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Jacob, B. A., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011, September). Organizing schools to improve student achievement: Start times, grade configurations, and teacher assignments (Discussion Paper 2011-08). Retrieved from The Brookings Institution website: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/092011_organize_jacob_rockoff_paper.pdf 

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Elementary School Children

Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E. A., Bi, S., & Smith, O. A. (2017). Earlier school start times are associated with higher rates of behavioral problems in elementary schools. Sleep Health, 3(2), 113-118.

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Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.

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Keller, P. S., Smith, O. A., Gilbert, L. R., Bi, S., Haak, E. A., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2015). Earlier school start times as a risk factor for poor school performance: An examination of public elementary schools in the commonwealth of Kentucky. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(1), 236-245.

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Dupuis, D. N. (2015, December). The association between elementary school start time and students’ academic achievement in Wayzata Public Schools. Retrieved from University of Minnesota. Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement website: https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/181187

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Boyland, L., Harvey, M. W., Riggs, W., & Campbell, B. (2015). Changing school times to combat adolescent sleep deprivation: Perceptions of school stakeholders. Journal of School Public Relations, 36(1).

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Franckle, R. L., Falbe, J., Gortmaker, S., Ganter, C., Taveras, E. M., Land, T., & Davison, K. K. (2015). Insufficient sleep among elementary and middle school students is linked with elevated soda consumption and other unhealthy dietary behaviors. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted To Practice And Theory, 7436-41.

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Appleman, E. R., Gilbert, K. S., & Au, R. (2015). School start time changes and sleep patterns in elementary school students. Sleep Health, 1(2), 109-114.

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Hanover Research. (2013, February). Impact of school start time on student learning. Retrieved from http://www.shorewood.k12.wi.us/uploaded/Family_Resources/general/Impact_of_School_Start_Time.pdf

 

Edwards, F. (2012). Do schools begin too early? The effect of start times on student achievement. Education Next, 12(3), 52-57.

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Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.

More information

 

Westerlund, L., Ray, C., & Roos, E. (2009). Associations between sleeping habits and food consumption patterns among 10-11-year-old children in Finland. British Journal of Nutrition, 102(3), 1-7.

More information

 

von Kries, R., Toschke, A. M., Wurmser, H., Sauerwald, T., & Koletzko, B. (2002). Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep--a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26(5), 710-6.

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Kubow, P. K., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Bemis, A. E. (1999). Starting time and school life: Reflections from educators and students. Phi Delta Kappan, 80(5), 366-371.

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Other Concerns

McHill, A. W., Hull, J. T., Wang, W., Czeisler, C. A., & Klerman, E. B. (2018). Chronic sleep curtailment, even without extended (> 16-h) wakefulness, degrades human vigilance performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(23), 6070-6075. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706694115

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Lee, K. T., & Vandell, D. L. (2015). Out-of-school time and adolescent substance use. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(5), 523-9.

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Pereira, É. F., Moreno, C., & Louzada, F. M. (2013). Increased commuting to school time reduces sleep duration in adolescents. Chronobiology International, 31(1), 87-94.

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Perry, G. S., Patil, S. P., & Presley-Cantrell, L. R. (2013). Raising awareness of sleep as a healthy behavior. Preventing Chronic Disease, 10, E133.

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Axelsson, J., Sundelin, T., Ingre, M., Van Someren, E. J., Olsson, A., & Lekander, M. (2010). Beauty sleep: Experimental study on the perceived health and attractiveness of sleep deprived people. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 341, c6614.

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Ludden, A. B., & Wolfson, A. R. (2009). Understanding adolescent caffeine use: Connecting use patterns with expectancies, reasons, and sleep. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5), 1-13.

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Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. (2008). Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12(2), 153-62. 

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