Start School Later Reference List
www.StartSchoolLater.net
Use this page to find information on adolescent sleep patterns, sleep loss, and the consequences of early high school start times. If an article is available for free, the link is provided. For articles not available for free due to copyright restrictions, the abstract is provided.
Sleep Patterns - Adolescents
Griggs, S., Conley, S., Batten, J., & Grey, M. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral sleep interventions for adolescents and emerging adults. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 54(2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101356
Kaplan, K. A., Mashash, M., Williams, R., Batchelder, H., Starr-Glass, L., & Zeitzer, J. M. (2019). Effect of light flashes vs sham therapy during sleep with adjunct cognitive behavioral therapy on sleep quality among adolescents: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 2(9), e1911944-e1911944. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11944
Owens, J. A., Dearth-Wesley, T., Herman, A. N., & Whitaker, R. C. (2019). Drowsy driving, sleep duration, and chronotype in adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 205, 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.072
Feliciano, E. M. C., Quante, M., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Redline, S., Oken, E., & Taveras, E. M. (2018). Objective sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic health in young adolescents. Pediatrics, 142(1), e20174085. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4085
Urbanek, J. K., Spira, A. P., Di, J., Leroux, A., Crainiceanu, C., & Zipunnikov, V. (2018). Epidemiology of objectively measured bedtime and chronotype in US adolescents and adults: NHANES 2003–2006. Chronobiology International, 35(3), 416-434.
Short, M. A., Weber, N., Reynolds, C., Coussens, S., & Carskadon, M. A. (2018). Estimating adolescent sleep need using dose-response modelling. Sleep. Advance online publication.
Lusher, L., & Yasenov, V. (2018). Gender performance gaps: Quasi-experimental evidence on the role of gender differences in sleep cycles. Economic Inquiry, 56(1), 252-262.
Agostini, A., Carskadon, M. A., Dorrian, J., Coussens, S., & Short, M. A. (2017). An experimental study of adolescent sleep restriction during a simulated school week: Changes in phase, sleep staging, performance and sleepiness. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(2), 227-235.
Vidal, H., & Shochat, T. (2017). Early to bed, early to rise: Sleep perceptions, patterns and related behaviors in ultra-orthodox Jewish adolescents in Israel. Sleep Health. Advance online publication.
Hummer, D. L., & Lee, T. M. (2016). Daily timing of the adolescent sleep phase: Insights from a cross-species comparison. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 70, 171-181.
Heissel, J., & Norris, S. (2017). Rise and shine: The effect of school start times on academic performance from childhood through puberty. Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), 957-992
Chan, N. Y., Zhang, J., Yu, M. W. M., Lam, S. P., Li, S. X., Kong, A. P. S., ... & Wing, Y. K. (2017). Impact of a modest delay in school start time in Hong Kong school adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 30, 164-170.
Beebe, D. W. (2016). The cumulative impact of adolescent sleep loss: Next steps. Sleep, 39(3), 497-9.
More information (Commentary)
Owens, J. A., Dearth-Wesley, T., Lewin, D., Gioia, G., & Whitaker, R. C. (2016). Self-regulation and sleep duration, sleepiness, and chronotype in adolescents. Pediatrics, 138(6).
Zhang, J., Paksarian, D., Lamers, F., Hickie, I. B., He, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2016). Sleep patterns and mental health correlates in US adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 182, 137-143.
Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: A statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(6), 785-786.
Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.
Ong, J. L., Lo, J. C., Gooley, J. J., Chee, M. W. (2016). EEG changes across multiple nights of sleep restriction and recovery in adolescents: The need for sleep study. Sleep, 39(6), 1233-40.
Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.
Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(1), 75-87.
Basch C. E., Basch C. H., Ruggles K. V., Rajan S. (2014). Prevalence of sleep duration on an average school night among 4 nationally representative successive samples of American high school students, 2007–2013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 11(E216), 1-5.
van der Vinne, V., Zerbini, G., Siersema, A., Pieper, A., Merrow, M., Hut, R. A., ... & Kantermann, T. (2014). Timing of examinations affects school performance differently in early and late chronotypes. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 30(1), 53-60.
Basch C. E., Basch C. H., Ruggles K. V., Rajan S. (2014). Prevalence of sleep duration on an average school night among 4 nationally representative successive samples of American high school students, 2007–2013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 11(E216), 1-5.
Crowley, S. J., Van Reen, E., LeBourgeois, M. K., Acebo, C., Tarokh, L., Seifer, R.,...& Carskadon, M. A. (2014, November 7). A longitudinal assessment of sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across human adolescence. PLoS One, 9(11), e112199.
Hasler, B. P., Soehner, A. M., & Clark, D. B. (2014). Circadian rhythms and risk for substance use disorders in adolescence. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 27(6), 460-466.
Hagenauer, M. H., & Lee, T. M. (2013). Adolescent sleep patterns in humans and laboratory animals. Hormones and Behavior, 64(2), 270-279.
George, N. M., & Davis, J. E. (2013). Assessing sleep in adolescents through a better understanding of sleep physiology. American Journal of Nursing, 113(6), 26-31.
Hasler, B. P., & Clark, D. B. (2013). Circadian misalignment, reward-related brain function, and adolescent alcohol involvement. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(4), 558-65.
Dewald, J. F., Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Oort, F. J., & Meijer, A. (2012). The chronic sleep reduction questionnaire (CSRQ): A cross‐cultural comparison and validation in Dutch and Australian adolescents. Journal of Sleep Research, 21(5), 584-594.
Miller, N. L., Tvaryanas, A. P., & Shattuck, L. G. (2012). Accommodating adolescent sleep-wake patterns: The effects of shifting the timing of sleep on training effectiveness. Sleep, 35(8), 1123–1136.
Hagenauer, M. H., & Lee, T. M. (2012). The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 33(3), 211-229.
Amos, L. B., & D’Andrea, L. A. (2012, October 1). A look at adolescent sleep needs: Waking up to the unique sleep needs of adolescents. Contemporary Pediatrics.
Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4.
More information (Editorial)
Gradisar, M., Gardner, G., & Dohnt, H. (2011). Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep. Sleep Medicine, 12(2), 110-8.
Kirby, M., Maggi, S., & D'Angiulli, A. (2011). Reviews/essays: School start times and the sleep-wake cycle of adolescents--A review and critical evaluation of available evidence. Educational Researcher, 40(2), 56-61.
More information
Malone, S. K. (2011). Early to bed, early to rise?: An exploration of adolescent sleep hygiene practices. Journal of School Nursing, 27(5), 348-54.
Carskadon, M. A. (2011). Sleep in adolescents: The perfect storm. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 58(3), 637-47.
More information
Eaton, D. K, McKnight-Eily, L. R., Lowry, R., Perry, G. S., Presley-Cantrell, L., & Croft, J. B. (2010). Prevalence of insufficient, borderline, and optimal hours of sleep among high school students - United States, 2007. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(4), 399-401.
Colrain, I. M., & Baker, F. C. (2011). Changes in sleep as a function of adolescent development. Neuropsychology Review 21(1), 5-21.
Tarokh, L., Raffray, T., Van Reen, E., & Carskadon, M. A. (2010). Physiology of normal sleep in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 401-17.
Hagenauer, M. H., Perryman, J. I., Lee, T. M., & Carskadon, M. A. (2009). Adolescent changes in the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep. Developmental Neuroscience, 31(4), 276-84.
Crowley, S. J., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (2007). Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Sleep Medicine, 8(6), 602-12.
Hansen, M., Janssen, I., Schiff, A., Zee, P. C., & Dubocovich, M. L. (2005). The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1555-61.
Dahl, R. E., & Lewin, D. S. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(6 Suppl), 175-84.
National Sleep Foundation (2000). Adolescent sleep needs and patterns. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/sleep_and_teens_report1.pdf
Carskadon, M. A., Wolfson, A. R., Acebo, C., Tzischinsky, O., & Seifer, R. (1998). Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days. Sleep, 21(8), 871-81.
Carskadon, M. A. (1990). Patterns of sleep and sleepiness in adolescents. Pediatrician, 17(1), 5-12.
Thorpy, M. J., Korman, E., Spielman, A. J., & Glovinsky, P. B. (1988). Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9(1), 22-7.
Early School Start Times
Gelfand, A. A., Pavitt, S., Ross, A. C., Szperka, C. L., Irwin, S. L., Bertisch, S., Stone, K. L., Frazier, R., Grimes, B., & Allen, I. E. (2020). Later high school start time is associated with lower migraine frequency in adolescents. Headache. Advance online publication.
https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14016
Widome, R., Berger, A. T., Iber, C., Wahlstrom, K., Laska, M. N., Kilian, G., Redline, S., & Erickson, D. J. (2020). Association of delaying school start time with sleep duration, timing, and quality among adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0344
Estevan, I., Silva, A., Vetter, C., & Tassino, B. (2020). Short sleep duration and extremely delayed chronotypes in Uruguayan youth: The role of school start times and social constraints. Journal of Biological Rhythms. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730420927601
Carvalho-Mendes, R. P., Dunster, G. P., de la Iglesia, H. O., & Menna-Barreto, L. (2020). Afternoon school start times are associated with a lack of both social jetlag and sleep deprivation in adolescents. Journal of Biological Rhythms. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730420927603
More information
Ziporyn, T., & Wake, J. (2020). Using sleep science to inform policy: The case of school start times. Sleep Health, 6(1), 2-3. Editorial. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.11.010
Illingworth, G., Sharman, R., Jowett, A., Harvey, C. J., Foster, R. G., & Espie, C. A. (2019). Challenges in implementing and assessing outcomes of school start time change in the UK: Experience of the Oxford Teensleep study. Sleep medicine, 60, 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.021
Bin-Hasan, S., Kapur, K., Rakesh, K., & Owens, J. (2020). School start time change and motor vehicles crashes in adolescent drivers. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8208
Winnebeck, E. C., Vuori-Brodowski, M. T., Biller, A. M., Molenda, C., Fischer, D., Zerbini, G., & Roenneberg, T. (2019). Later school start times in a flexible system improve teenage sleep. Sleep. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz307
Bertsimas, D., Delarue, A., & Martin, S. (2019). Optimizing schools’ start time and bus routes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(13), 5943-5948. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811462116
Dunster, G. P., Crowley, S. J., Carskadon, M. A., & de la Iglesia, H. O. (2019). What time should middle and high school students start school?. Journal of Biological Rhythms. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730419892118
Nahmod, N. G., Lee, S., Master, L., Chang, A. M., Hale, L., & Buxton, O. M. (2018). Later high school start times associated with longer actigraphic sleep duration in adolescents. Sleep, 42(2), zsy212. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy212
Foss, R. D., Smith, R. L., & O'Brien, N. P. (2019). School start times and teenage driver motor vehicle crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 126, 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.031
Groen, J. A., & Pabilonia, S. W. (2019). Snooze or lose: High school start times and academic achievement. Economics of Education Review. (IZA Discussion Papers, No. 11166). Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.05.011
Plog, A. E., McNally, J., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Meltzer, L. J. (2019). Impact of changing school start times on teachers/staff. Sleep, 42(Supplement 1), A85-A86. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz067.206
Semenza, D. C., Meldrum, R. C., Jackson, D. B., Vaughn, M. G. Piquero, A. R. (2019). School start times, delinquency, and substance use: A criminological perspective. Crime & Delinquency. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128719845147
Bertsimas, D., Delarue, A., & Martin, S. (2019). Optimizing schools’ start time and bus routes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811462116
Temkin, D. A., Princiotta, D., Ryberg, R., & Lewin, D. S. (2018). Later start, longer sleep: Implications of middle school start times. Journal of School Health, 88(5), 370-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12622
Dunster, G. P., de la Iglesia, L., Ben-Hamo, M., Nave, C., Fleischer, J. G., Panda, S., & Horacio, O. (2018). Sleepmore in Seattle: Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance in high school students. Science Advances, 4(12), eaau6200. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau6200
Nahmod, N. G., Lee, S., Master, L., Chang, A. M., Hale, L., & Buxton, O. M. (2018). Later high school start times associated with longer actigraphic sleep duration in adolescents. Sleep. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy212
Patte, K. A., Qian, W., Cole, A. G., Faulkner, G., Chaput, J. P., Carson, V., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2018). School start time changes in the COMPASS study: Associations with youth sleep duration, physical activity, and screen time. Sleep Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09.020
Wolfson, A. R. (2018). Current scholarship and future questions on delayed school start times for adolescents’ sleep and well-being. Sleep, 41(6). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy107
More information (Editorial)
Agostini, A., Carskadon, M. A., Dorrian, J., Coussens, S., & Short, M. A. (2017). An experimental study of adolescent sleep restriction during a simulated school week: Changes in phase, sleep staging, performance and sleepiness. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(2), 227-235.
The entire December 2017 issue of Sleep Health is devoted to the start time issue. Click here to view the table of contents.
Ziporyn, T. D., Malow, B. A., Oakes, K., & Wahlstrom, K. L. (2017). Self-report surveys of student sleep and well-being: A review of use in the context of school start times. Sleep Health, 3(6), 498-507.
Lee, C. J., Nolan, D. M., Lockley, S. W., & Pattison, B. (2017). Law-based arguments and messages to advocate for later school start time policies in the United States. Sleep Health, 3(6), 486-497.
Kelley, P., Lockley, S. W., Kelley, J., & Evans, M. D. (2017). Is 8:30 a.m. still too early to start school? A 10: 00 a.m. school start time improves health and performance of students aged 13–16. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 588.
Lusher, L., & Yasenov, V. (2018). Gender performance gaps: Quasi-experimental evidence on the role of gender differences in sleep cycles. Economic Inquiry, 56(1), 252-262.
Owens, J. A., Dearth-Wesley, T., Herman, A. N., Oakes, J. M., & Whitaker, R. C. (2017). A quasi-experimental study of the impact of school start time changes on adolescent sleep. Sleep Health. Advance online publication.
Patte, K. A., Cole, A. G., Qian, W., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2017). Youth sleep durations and school start times: A cross-sectional analysis of the COMPASS study. Sleep Health, 3(6), 432-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.011
Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D., Connolly, H., & O'Connor, T. G. (2017). A process-oriented model linking adolescents' sleep hygiene and psychological functioning: The moderating role of school start times. Sleep Health. Advance online publication.
Hafner, M., Stepanek, M., & Troxel, W. M. (2017). Later school start times in the U.S.: An economic analysis (Research Report No. RR-2109-RE). Retrieved from RAND Corporation website: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2100/RR2109/RAND_RR2109.pdf
Wahlstrom, K. L., Berger, A. T., & Widome, R. (2017). Relationships between school start time, sleep duration, and adolescent behaviors. Sleep Health, 3(3), 216-221.
Dunietz, G. L., Matos-Moreno, A., Singer, D. C., Davis, M. M., O'Brien, L. M., & Chervin, R. D. (2017). Later school start times: What informs parent support or opposition?. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(7), 889-897.
Lewin, D. S., Wang, G., Chen, Y. I., Skora, E., Hoehn, J., Baylor, A., & Wang, J. (2017). Variable school start times and middle school student's sleep health and academic performance. Journal of Adolescent Health. Advance online publication.
Heissel, J., & Norris, S. (2017). Rise and shine: The effect of school start times on academic performance from childhood through puberty. Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), 957-992
Chan, N. Y., Zhang, J., Yu, M. W. M., Lam, S. P., Li, S. X., Kong, A. P. S., ... & Wing, Y. K. (2017). Impact of a modest delay in school start time in Hong Kong school adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 30, 164-170.
Watson, N. F., Martin, J. L., Wise, M. S., Carden, K. A., Kirsch, D. B., Kristo, D. A.,… Chervin, R. D. (2017). Delaying middle school and high school start times promotes student health and performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(4), 623-625.
McKeever, P. M., Clark, L. (2017). Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on graduation rates and attendance rates. Sleep Health, 3(2), 119-125.
Gariépy, G., Janssen, I., Sentenac, M., & Elgar, F. J. (2016, November). School start time and sleep in Canadian adolescents. Journal of Sleep Research.
Barnes, M., Davis, K., Mancini, M., Ruffin, J., Simpson, T., Casazza, K. (2016). Setting adolescents up for success: Promoting a policy to delay high school start times. Journal of School Health, 86(7), 552-557.
Millman, R. P., Boergers, J., Owens, J. (2016). Healthy school start times: Can we do a better job in reaching our goals? Sleep, 39(2), 267-268.
More information (Commentary)
Thacher, P.V., Onyper, S.V. (2016). Longitudinal outcomes of start time delay on sleep, behavior, and achievement in high school. Sleep. 39(2), 271-281.
Wheaton, A. G., Chapman, D. P., & Croft, J. B. (2016). School start times, sleep, behavioral, health, and academic outcomes: A review of the literature. Journal of School Health, 86(5), 363-381.
Meltzer, L. J., Shaheed, K., & Ambler, D. (2016). Start later, sleep later: School start times and adolescent sleep in homeschool versus public/private school students. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 14(2), 140-54.
Minges, K. E., & Redeker, N. S. (2016). Delayed school start times and adolescent sleep: A systematic review of the experimental evidence. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 28, 82-91.
Barnes, C. M., & Drake, C. L. (2015). Prioritizing sleep health: Public health policy recommendations. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 733-7.
Shapiro, T. M. (2015, August). The educational effects of school start times. Retrieved from IZA World of Labor website: http://wol.iza.org/articles/educational-effects-of-school-start-times/long
Fogg, N., & Johnson, A. (2015). Child and adolescent sleep patterns and early school start times: Recognizing the role of the pediatric nurse. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 30(4), 628-631.
Wheaton, A. G., Ferro, G. A., Croft, J. B. (2015). School start times for middle school and high school students - United States, 2011–12 school year. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(30), 809-813.
More information
Paksarian, D., Rudolph, K. E., He, J. P., & Merikangas, K. R. (2015). School start time and adolescent sleep patterns: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey - Adolescent Supplement. American Journal of Public Health, 105(7), 1351-1357.
Mukherjee, S., Patel, S. R., Kales, S. N., Ayas, N. T., Strohl, K. P, Gozal, D. & Malhotra, A. (2015). An official American Thoracic Society statement: The importance of healthy sleep. Recommendations and future priorities. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 191(12), 1450-1458. [includes a recommendation to align school start times with adolescent sleep needs and patterns]
Society of Pediatric Nurses & National Association of School Nurses (2015). Early school start times: Joint consensus statement. Retrieved from http://www.pedsnurses.org/p/cm/ld/fid=57&tid=28&sid=539
Boergers, J. (2015). Benefits of later school start times. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, 31(1), 1-6.
Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.
Vorona, R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Lamichhane, R., Ware, J. C., McNallen, A., & Leszczyszyn D. (2014). Adolescent crash rates and school start times in two central Virginia counties, 2009-2011: A follow-up study to a southeastern Virginia study, 2007-2008. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 10(11), 1169-77.
Lamberg, L. (2014, September 2). School starts too early for teens, pediatricians agree. Psychiatric News. DOI: 10.1176/appi.pn.2014.10a28
American Academy of Pediatrics (2014). Policy statement: School start times for adolescents. Pediatrics, 134(3), 642-649.
The Children’s National Medical Center’s Blueprint for Change Team. (2014, April). School start time change: An in-depth examination of school districts in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.fcps.edu/supt/update/1415/Blueprint-Change-School-Start-Time-Change-ReportFinal4-14-14.pdf
Boergers, J., Gable, C. J., & Owens, J. A. (2014). Later school start time is associated with improved sleep and daytime functioning in adolescents. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 35(1), 11-17.
Kelley, P., Lockley, S. W., Foster, R. G., & Kelley, J. (2014). Synchronizing education to adolescent biology: ‘Let teens sleep, start school later’. Learning, Media and Technology, 40(2), 210-226.
Wahlstrom, K., Dretzke, B., Gordon, M., Peterson, K., Edwards, K., & Gdula, J. (2014, February). Examining the impact of later school start times on the health and academic performance of high school students: A multi-site study. Retrieved from University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy website: http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/162769
Kelley, P., & Lee, C. (2014). Later school start times in adolescence: Time for change. Retrieved from Education Commission of the States website: http://www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/01/12/19/11219.pdf
Karafin, G. R. (2013). Teen sleep issues and school start times, part I. Pennsylvania Psychologist, 73(6), 20, 22.
Karafin, G. R. (2013). Teen sleep issues and school start times, part II. Pennsylvania Psychologist, 73(8), 22, 25.
Cairney, G. (2013). Experts make a case for later school start times. Education Next, 32(26).
Perkinson-Gloor, N., Lemola, S., & Grob, A. (2013). Sleep duration, positive attitude toward life, and academic achievement: The role of daytime tiredness, behavioral persistence, and school start times. Journal of Adolescence, 36(2), 311-8.
Snider, T. (2012). Later school start times are a public-health issue. Education Week, 31(31), 25-27.
More information (Commentary)
Edwards, F. (2012). Do schools begin too early? The effect of start times on student achievement. Education Next, 12(3), 52-57.
Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.
McGeorge, D. (2012). Sleepless in America: School start times. Education and Health, 30(3), 57-59.
More information (Editorial)
Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Lack, L. C., Wright, H. R., Dewald, J. F., Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2012). A cross-cultural comparison of sleep duration between U.S. and Australian adolescents: The effect of school start time, parent-set bedtimes, and extracurricular load. Health Education & Behavior, 40(3), 323-30.
More information
Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4.
More information (Editorial)
Jacob, B. A., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011, September). Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: Start Times, Grade Configurations, and Teacher Assignments. Retrieved from The Brookings Institution website.
Kirby, M., Maggi, S., & D'Angiulli, A. (2011). Reviews/essays: School start times and the sleep-wake cycle of adolescents--A review and critical evaluation of available evidence. Educational Researcher, 40(2), 56-61.
More information
Tarokh, L., Raffray, T., Van Reen, E., & Carskadon, M. A. (2010). Physiology of normal sleep in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 401-17.
Owens, J. A., Belon, K., & Moss, P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(7), 608-14.
Lamberg, L. (2009). High schools find later start time helps students' health and performance. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 301(21), 2200-1.
Noland, H., Price, J. H., Dake, J., & Telljohann, S. K. (2009). Adolescents' sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. The Journal of School Health, 79(5), 224-30.
Gupta, R., Bhatia, M. S., Chhabra, V., Sharma, S., Dahiya, D., Semalti, K., . . . Dua, R. S. (2008). Sleep patterns of urban school-going adolescents. Indian Pediatrics, 45(3), 183-9.
Wolfson, A. R., Spaulding, N. L., Dandrow, C., & Baroni, E. M. (2007). Middle school start times: The importance of a good night's sleep for young adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 25(3), 194-209.
Hansen, M., Janssen, I., Schiff, A., Zee, P. C., & Dubocovich, M. L. (2005). The impact of school daily schedule on adolescent sleep. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1555-61.
Wolfson, A., & Carskadon, M. (2005). A survey of factors influencing high school start times. NASSP Buletin, 89(642), 47-66
Wolfson, A., & Carskadon, M. (2005). Meeting teen sleep needs creatively. Education Digest, 71(1), 47-51.
Dexter, D., Bijwadia, J., Schilling, D., & Applebaugh, G. (2003). Sleep, sleepiness and school start times: A preliminary study. WMJ: Official Publication Of The State Medical Society Of Wisconsin, 102(1), 44-46.
Wahlstrom, K. (2002). Changing times: Findings from the first longitudinal study of later high school start times. NASSP Bulletin, 86(633), 3-21.
Epstein, R., Chillag, N., & Lavie, P. (1998). Starting times of school: Effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21(3), 250-6.
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Sleep Loss & Academic Achievement
Lenard, M., Morrill, M. S., & Westall, J. (2020). High school start times and student achievement: Looking beyond test scores. Economics of Education Review, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.101975
Groen, J. A., & Pabilonia, S. W. (2019). Snooze or lose: High school start times and academic achievement. Economics of Education Review. (IZA Discussion Papers, No. 11166). Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.05.011
Bastian, K. C., & Fuller, S. C. (2018). Answering the bell: High school start times and student academic outcomes. AERA Open, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418812424
Lewin, D. S., Wang, G., Chen, Y. I., Skora, E., Hoehn, J., Baylor, A., & Wang, J. (2017). Variable school start times and middle school student's sleep health and academic performance. Journal of Adolescent Health. Advance online publication.
Heissel, J., & Norris, S. (2017). Rise and shine: The effect of school start times on academic performance from childhood through puberty. Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), 957-992
McKeever, P. M., Clark, L. (2017). Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on graduation rates and attendance rates. Sleep Health, 3(2), 119-125.
Urrila, A. S., Artiges, E., Massicotte, J., Miranda, R., Vulser, H., Bézivin-Frere, P., ... & Garavan, H. (2017). Sleep habits, academic performance, and the adolescent brain structure. Scientific Reports, 7, 1-9.
Beebe, D. W. (2016). The cumulative impact of adolescent sleep loss: Next steps. Sleep, 39(3), 497-9.
More information (Commentary)
Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.
Hysing, M., Harvey, A. G., Linton, S. J., Askeland, K. G., & Sivertsen, B. (2016). Sleep and academic performance in later adolescence: Results from a large population‐based study. Journal of Sleep Research, 25(3), 318-24.
Díaz-Morales, J. F., & Escribano, C. (2015). Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: Understanding gender/sex differences. Chronobiology International, 32(6), 822-831.
Lo, J. C., Ong, J. L., Leong, R. L., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. (2015). Cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood in partially sleep deprived adolescents: The need for sleep study. Sleep.
Baert, S., Omey, E., Verhaest, D., & Vermeir, A. (2015). Mister Sandman, bring me good marks! On the relationship between sleep quality and academic achievement. Social Science & Medicine, 130, 91-98.
Schmidt, R. E., & Van der Linden, M. (2015). The relations between sleep, personality, behavioral problems, and school performance in adolescents. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 10(2), 117-123.
Stea, T. H., Knutsen, T., & Torstveit, M. K. (2014). Association between short time in bed, health-risk behaviors and poor academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents. Sleep Medicine, 15(6), 666-671.
Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.
Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(1), 75-87.
Baert, S., Omey, E., Verhaest, D., & Vermeir, A. (2014, June). Discussion Paper Series: Mister Sandman, bring me good marks! On the relationship between sleep quality and academic achievement (Report No. 8232). Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.
Li, S., Arguelles, L., Jiang, F., Chen, W., Jin, X., Yan, C., . . . Shen, X. (2013) Sleep, school performance, and a school-based intervention among school-aged children: A sleep series study in China. PLoS ONE 8(7), e67928.
Perez-Lloret, S., Videla, A. J., Richaudeau, A., Vigo, D., Rossi, M., Cardinali, D. P., & Perez-Chada, D. (2013). A multi-step pathway connecting short sleep duration to daytime somnolence, reduced attention, and poor academic performance: An exploratory cross-sectional study in teenagers. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 9(5), 469-473.
Maski, K. P., & Kothare, S. V. (2013). Sleep deprivation and neurobehavioral functioning in children. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 89(2), 259-64.
Vriend, J. L., Davidson, F. D., Corkum, P. V., Rusak, B., Chambers, C. T., & McLaughlin, E. N. (2013). Manipulating sleep duration alters emotional functioning and cognitive performance in children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 38(10), 1058-69.
Taki Y., Hashizume H., Thyreau B., Sassa Y, Takeuchi H., Wu K., . . . Kawashima R. (2012). Sleep duration during weekdays affects hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy children. Neuroimage ,60(1), 471-5.
Edwards, F. (2012). Do schools begin too early? The effect of start times on student achievement. Education Next, 12(3), 52-57.
Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.
Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4.
More information (Editorial)
Carskadon, M. A. (2011). Sleep's effects on cognition and learning in adolescence. Progress in Brain Research, 190, 137-43.
Jacob, B. A., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011, September). Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: Start Times, Grade Configurations, and Teacher Assignments. Retrieved from The Brookings Institution website.
Gomes, A. A, Tavares, J., & de Azevedo, M. H. (2011). Sleep and academic performance in undergraduates: A multi-measure, multi-predictor approach. Chronobiology International, 28(9), 786-801.
More information
Ming, X., Koransky, R., Kang, V., Buchman, S., Sarris, C. E., & Wagner, G. C. (2011). Sleep insufficiency, sleep health problems and performance in high school students. Clinical Medicine Insights. Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine, 5, 71-9.
Lufi, D., Tzischinsky, O., & Hadar, S. (2011). Delaying school starting time by one hour: Some effects on attention levels in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(2), 137-43.
Kim, S. J., Lee, Y. J., Cho, S. J., Cho, I. H., Lim, W., & Lim, W. (2011). Relationship between weekend catch-up sleep and poor performance on attention tasks in Korean adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 165(9), 806-12.
Carrell, S. E., Maghakian, T., & West, J. E. (2011). A’s From ZZZZ’s? The causal effect of school start time on the academic achievement of adolescents. American Economic Journal 3(3), 62–71.
Pagel, J. F., & Kwiatkowski, C. F. (2010). Sleep complaints affecting school performance at different educational levels. Frontiers in Neurology, 1:125.
Beebe, D. W., Rose, D., & Amin, R. (2010). Attention, learning, and arousal of experimentally sleep-restricted adolescents in a simulated classroom. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(5), 523-5.
Kopasz, M., Loessl, B., Hornyak, M., Riemann, D., Nissen, C., Piosczyk, H., & Voderholzer, U. (2010). Sleep and memory in healthy children and adolescents - a critical review. Sleep Medicine Review, 14(3), 167-77.
Gruber, R., Laviolette, R., Deluca, P., Monson, E., Cornish, K., & Carrier, J. (2010). Short sleep duration is associated with poor performance on IQ measures in healthy school-age children. Sleep Medicine, 11(3), 289-94.
Dewald, J. F, Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Kerkhof, G. A., & Bögels, S. M. (2010). The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Review 14(3), 179-89.
Buckhalt, J. A., El-Sheikh, M., Keller, P. S., & Kelly, R. J. (2009). Concurrent and longitudinal relations between children’s sleep and cognitive functioning: The moderating role of parent education. Child Development, 80(3), 875-892.
Bergin, C., & Bergin, D. (2009). Sleep: The E-Z Z Z intervention. Educational Leadership, 67(4), 44-47.
Willis, J. (2009). How students' sleepy brains fail them. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 45(4), 158-162.
Ng, E. P., Ng, D. K., & Chan, C. H. (2009). Sleep duration, wake/sleep symptoms, and academic performance in Hong Kong secondary school children. Sleep & Breathing, 13(4), 357-67.
Stickgold, R., & Wehrwein, P. (2009). Sleep now, remember later. Newsweek, 153(17), 56-7.
Killgore, W. D., Kahn-Greene, E. T., Lipizzi, E. L., Newman, R. A., Kamimori, G. H., & Balkin, T. J. (2008). Sleep deprivation reduces perceived emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. Sleep Medicine, 9(5), 517-26.
Golombek, D., & Cardinali, D. (2008). Mind, brain, education, and biological timing. Mind, Brain, and Education, 2(1), 1-6.
Walker, M. P. (2008). Cognitive consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Medicine, 9 Suppl 1,S29-34.
Warner, S., Murray, G., & Meyer, D. (2008). Holiday and school-term sleep patterns of Australian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 31(5), 595-608.
Yoo, S. S., Hu, P. T., Gujar, N., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007). A deficit in the ability to form new human memories without sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 10(3),385-92.
Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2006). Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10(5), 323-37.
Gibson, E. S., Powles, A. C., Thabane, L., O'Brien, S., Molnar, D. S., Trajanovic, N., . . . Chilcott-Tanser L. (2006). "Sleepiness" is serious in adolescence: Two surveys of 3235 Canadian students. BMC Public Health, 6:116.
Fallone, G., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005). Experimental restriction of sleep opportunity in children: Effects on teacher ratings. Sleep, 28(12), 1561-7.
Dahl, R. E. (2005). Sleep, learning, and the developing brain: Early-to-bed as a healthy and wise choice for school aged children. Sleep, 28(12), 1498-9.
More information (Commentary)
Stickgold, R., & Walker, M. P. (2005). Sleep and memory: The ongoing debate. Sleep, 28(10), 1225-7.
Fredriksen, K., Rhodes, J., Reddy, R., & Way, N. (2004). Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the effects of adolescent sleep loss during the middle school years. Child Development, 75(1), 84-95.
Kamdar, B. B., Kaplan, K. A., Kezirian, E. J., & Dement, W. C. (2004). The impact of extended sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood. Sleep Medicine, 5(5), 441-8.
Sadeh, A., Gruber, R., & Raviv, A. (2003). The effects of sleep restriction and extension on school-age children: What a difference an hour makes. Child Development, 74(2), 444-55.
Drake, C., Nickel, C., Burduvali, E., Roth, T., Jefferson, C., & Pietro, B. (2003). The pediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS): Sleep habits and school outcomes in middle-school children. Sleep, 26(4), 455-8.
Shin, C., Kim, J., Lee, S., Ahn, Y., & Joo, S. (2003). Sleep habits, excessive daytime sleepiness and school performance in high school students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 57(4), 451-453.
Steenari, M. R., Vuontela, V., Paavonen, E. J., Carlson, S., Fjallberg, M., & Aronen, E. (2003). Working memory and sleep in 6- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(1), 85-92.
Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2003). Understanding adolescents' sleep patterns and school performance: A critical appraisal. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 7(6), 491-506.
Mitru, G., Millrood, D. L., & Mateika, J. H. (2002). The impact of sleep on learning and behavior in adolescents. Teachers College Record, 104(4), 704-26.
Epstein, R., Chillag, N., & Lavie, P. (1998). Starting times of school: Effects on daytime functioning of fifth-grade children in Israel. Sleep, 21(3), 250-6.
Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (1998). Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Development, 69(4), 875-87.
Dahl, R. E. (1996). The impact of inadequate sleep on children's daytime cognitive function. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 3(1), 44-50.
Thorpy, M. J., Korman, E., Spielman, A. J., & Glovinsky, P. B. (1988). Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 9(1), 22-7.
Sleep Loss & Accidents or Injury
Bin-Hasan, S., Kapur, K., Rakesh, K., & Owens, J. (2020). School start time change and motor vehicles crashes in adolescent drivers. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8208
Gao, B., Dwivedi, S., Milewski, M. D., & Cruz, A. I. (2019). Lack of sleep and sports injuries in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 39(5), e324-e333. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000001306
Foss, R. D., Smith, R. L., & O'Brien, N. P. (2019). School start times and teenage driver motor vehicle crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 126, 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.031
Liu, X., Liu, Z. Z., Wang, Z. Y., Yang, Y., Liu, B. P., & Jia, C. X. (2018). Daytime sleepiness predicts future suicidal behavior: A longitudinal study of adolescents. Sleep, 42(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy225
More information
Weaver, M. D., Barger, L. K., Malone, S. K., Anderson, L. S., & Klerman, E. B. (2018). Dose-dependent associations between sleep duration and unsafe behaviors among US high school students. JAMA Pediatrics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2777
More information
Alderman, E. M., Johnston, B. D., Committee on Adolescence, & Council on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. (2018). The teen driver (policy statement). Pediatrics, 142(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2163
Chiu, H. Y., Lee, H. C., Chen, P. Y., Lai, Y. F., & Tu, Y. K. (2018). Associations between sleep duration and suicidality in adolescents: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2018.07.003
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U. S. Department of Transportation. (2017, March). Asleep at the wheel: A national compendium of efforts to eliminate drowsy driving. Retrieved from https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/12723-drowsy_driving_asleep_at_the_wheel_031917_v4b_tag.pdf
Copenhaver, E. A., & Diamond, A. B. (2017). The value of sleep on athletic performance, injury, and recovery in the young athlete. Pediatric Annals, 46(3), e106-e111.
Liu, X., Chen, H., Bo, Q. G., Fan F., Jia, C. X. (2016). Poor sleep quality and nightmares are associated with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.
Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.
Wheaton, A. G., Olsen, E. O., Miller, G. F., & Croft, J. B. (2016). Sleep duration and injury-related risk behaviors among high school students — United States, 2007–2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65(13), 337-341.
Kim, S. Y., Sim, S., Kim, S. G., Choi, H. G. (2015). Sleep deprivation is associated with bicycle accidents and slip and fall injuries in Korean adolescents. PLoS One, 10(8), e0135753.
Hysing, M., Sivertsen, B., Stormark, K. M., & O'Connor, R. C. (2015). Sleep problems and self-harm in adolescence. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 207(4), 306-12.
Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.
Vorona, R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Lamichhane, R., Ware, J. C., McNallen, A., & Leszczyszyn D. (2014) Adolescent crash rates and school start times in two central Virginia counties, 2009-2011: A follow-up study to a southeastern Virginia study, 2007-2008. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 10(11), 1169-77.
Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(1), 75-87.
Milewski, M. D., Skaggs, D. L., Bishop, G. A., Pace, J. L., Ibrahim, D. A., Wren, T. A., & Barzdukas, A. (2014). Chronic lack of sleep is associated with increased sports injuries in adolescent athletes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 34(2), 129-133.
Hildenbrand, A. K., Daly, B. P., Nicholls, E., Brooks‐Holliday, S., & Kloss, J. D. (2013). Increased risk for school violence‐related behaviors among adolescents with insufficient sleep. Journal of School Health, 83(6), 408-414.
Martiniuk A. L., Senserrick T., Lo S., Williamson A., Du W., Grunstein R. R., . . . Ivers R. Q. (2013). Sleep-deprived young drivers and the risk for crash: The DRIVE prospective cohort study. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(7), 647-55.
Lucidi, F., Mallia, L., Violani, C., Giustiniani, G., & Persia, L. (2013). The contributions of sleep-related risk factors to diurnal car accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 51, 135-140.
Vorona R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Wu, A., Dubik, M., Zhao, Y., & Ware, J. C. (2011). Dissimilar teen crash rates in two neighboring southeastern Virginia cities with different high school start times. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(2), 145-51.
Marhefka, J. K. (2011). Sleep deprivation: Consequences for students. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 49(9), 20-5.
Hayes, D., (2010). Impact of inadequate sleep on unintentional injuries in adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 21(3), 491-507.
Pizza, F., Contardi, S., Antognini, A. B., Zagoraiou, M., Borrotti, M., Mostacci, B., . . . Cirignotta, F. (2010). Sleep quality and motor vehicle crashes in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 6(1), 41-5.
Smith, S. S., Horswill, M. S., Chambers, B., & Wetton, M. (2009). Hazard perception in novice and experienced drivers: The effects of sleepiness. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 41(4), 729-33.
Danner, F., & Phillips, B. (2008). Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(6), 536-7.
Landrigan, C. P. (2008). Driving drowsy. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(6), 536-7.
More information (Commentary)
Dahl, R. E. (2008). Biological, developmental, and neurobehavioral factors relevant to adolescent driving risks. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S278-84.
Hutchens, L., Senserrick, T. M., Jamieson, P. E., Romer, D., & Winston, F. K. (2008). Teen driver crash risk and associations with smoking and drowsy driving. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 40(3), 869-76.
Keating, D. P., & Halpern-Felsher, B. L. (2008). Adolescent drivers: A developmental perspective on risk, proficiency, and safety. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S272-7.
Li, Y., Jin, H., Owens, J. A., & Hu, C. (2008). The association between sleep and injury among school-aged children in rural China: A case-control study. Sleep Medicine, 9(2), 142-8.
Shope, J. T., & Bingham, C. R. (2008). Teen driving: Motor-vehicle crashes and factors that contribute. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(3 Suppl), S261-71.
Lam, L. T., & Yang, L. (2007). Short duration of sleep and unintentional injuries among adolescents in China. American Journal of Epidemiology, 166(9), 1053-8.
Groeger, J. A. (2006). Youthfulness, inexperience, and sleep loss: The problems young drivers face and those they pose for us. Injury Prevention, 12(Suppl 1), i19-24.
Stallones, L., Beseler, C., & Chen, P. (2006). Sleep patterns and risk of injury among adolescent farm residents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(4), 300-4.
Millman, R. P. (2005). Excessive sleepiness in adolescents and young adults: Causes, consequences, and treatment strategies. Pediatrics, 115(6), 1774-86.
O'Brien, E. M., & Mindell, J. A. (2005). Sleep and risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 3(3),113-33.
McConnell, C. F., Bretz, K. M., & Dwyer, W. O. (2003). Falling asleep at the wheel: A close look at 1,269 fatal and serious injury-producing crashes. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 1(3), 171-83.
Feyer, A. M. (2001). Fatigue: Time to recognize and deal with an old problem. BMJ, 322(7290), 808-9.
Valent, F., Brusaferro, S., & Barbone, F. (2001). A case-crossover study of sleep and childhood injury. Pediatrics, 107(2), E23.
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McCartt, A. T., Ribner, S. A., Pack, A. I., & Hammer, M. C. (1996). The scope and nature of the drowsy driving problem in New York State. Accident, Analysis and Prevention, 28(4),511-17.
Pack, A. I., Pack, A. M., Rodgman, E., Cucchiara, A., Dinges, D. F., & Schwab, C. W. (1995). Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 27(6), 769-75.
Sleep Loss & Behavioral or Emotional Issues
Yeo, S. C., Tan, J., Lo, J. C., Chee, M., & Gooley, J. J. (2020). Associations of time spent on homework or studying with nocturnal sleep behavior and depression symptoms in adolescents from Singapore. Sleep Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.011
Wang, Y., & Yip, T. (2019). Sleep facilitates coping: Moderated mediation of daily sleep, ethnic/racial discrimination, stress responses, and adolescent well‐being. Child Development. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13324
Berger, A. T., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Widome, R. (2019). Relationships between sleep duration and adolescent depression: A conceptual replication. Sleep Health, 5(2), 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2018.12.003
Liu, X., Liu, Z. Z., Wang, Z. Y., Yang, Y., Liu, B. P., & Jia, C. X. (2018). Daytime sleepiness predicts future suicidal behavior: A longitudinal study of adolescents. Sleep, 42(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy225
More information
Chiu, H. Y., Lee, H. C., Chen, P. Y., Lai, Y. F., & Tu, Y. K. (2018). Associations between sleep duration and suicidality in adolescents: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2018.07.003
Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D., Connolly, H., & O'Connor, T. G. (2017). A process-oriented model linking adolescents' sleep hygiene and psychological functioning: The moderating role of school start times. Sleep Health. Advance online publication.
Wahlstrom, K. L., Berger, A. T., & Widome, R. (2017). Relationships between school start time, sleep duration, and adolescent behaviors. Sleep Health, 3(3), 216-221.
Uy, J. P., & Galván, A. (2017). Sleep duration moderates the association between insula activation and risky decisions under stress in adolescents and adults. Neuropsychologia, 95, 119-129.
Street, N. W., McCormick, M. C., Austin, S. B., Slopen, N., Habre, R., & Molnar, B. E. (2016). Sleep duration and risk of physical aggression against peers in urban youth. Sleep Health, 2(2), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.03.002
Beebe, D. W. (2016). The cumulative impact of adolescent sleep loss: Next steps. Sleep, 39(3), 497-9.
More information (Commentary)
Miller, M. B., Janssen, T., & Jackson, K. M. (2017). The prospective association between sleep and initiation of substance use in young adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(2), 154-160.
Conroy, D. A. (2017). The role of sleep on the pathway to substance abuse in teens. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(2), 129-130.
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Gruber, R., Cassoff, J., Frenette, S., Wiebe, S., & Carrier, J. (2012). Impact of sleep extension and restriction on children's emotional liability and impulsivity. Pediatrics, 130(5), 1155-1161.
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Smaldone, A., Honig, J. C., & Byrne, M. W. (2007). Sleepless in America: Inadequate sleep and relationships to health and well-being of our nation's children. Pediatrics, 119(Suppl 1), S29-37.
Lumeng, J. C., Somashekar, D., Appugliese, D., Kaciroti, N., Corwyn, R. F., & Bradley, R. H. (2007). Shorter sleep duration is associated with increased risk for being overweight at ages 9 to 12 year. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1020-9.
Seicean, A., Redline, S., Seicean, S., Kirchner, H. L., Gao, Y., Sekine, M., . . . Storfer-Isser, A. (2007). Association between short sleeping hours and overweight in adolescents: Results from a US Suburban High School survey. Sleep & Breathing, 11(4), 285-93.
Chaput, J. P., & Tremblay, A. (2007). Does short sleep duration favor abdominal adiposity in children? International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 2(3), 188-91.
Currie, A., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2007). Sleep in children and adolescents: A worrying scenario: Can we understand the sleep deprivation-obesity epidemic? Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 17(3), 230-2.
Snell, E. K, Adam, E. K, & Duncan, G. J. (2007). Sleep and the body mass index and overweight status of children and adolescents. Child Development, 78(1), 309-23.
Yu, Y., Lu, B. S., Wang, B., Wang, H., Yang, J., Li, Z.,. . . Wang, X. (2007). Short sleep duration and adiposity in Chinese adolescents. Sleep, 30(12), 1688-97.
Chaput, J. P., Brunet, M., & Tremblay, A. (2006). Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: Results from the 'Québec en Forme' Project. International Journal of Obesity, 30(7), 1080-5.
Taheri, S. (2006). The link between short sleep duration and obesity: We should recommend more sleep to prevent obesity. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91(11), 881-4.
Knutson, K. L. (2005). Sex differences in the association between sleep and body mass index in adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 147(6), 830-4.
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004). Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Medicine, 1(3), e62.
Dahl, R. E., & Lewin, D.S. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(6 Suppl), 175-84.
Gupta, N. K., Mueller, W. H., Chan, W., & Meininger, J. C. (2002). Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? American Journal of Human Biology, 14(6), 762-8.
Giugliano, R., & Carneiro, E. C. (2002). Factors associated with obesity in school children. Jornal de Pediatria, 80(1), 17-22.
von Kries, R., Toschke, A. M., Wurmser, H., Sauerwald, T., & Koletzko, B. (2002). Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep--a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26(5), 710-6.
Carpenter, S. (2001). Sleep deprivation may be undermining teen health. Monitor on Psychology, 32(9).
Kelman, B. B. (1999). The sleep needs of adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing, 15(3),14-9.
Sleep Loss and Athletic Performance and Safety
Copenhaver, E. A., & Diamond, A. B. (2017). The value of sleep on athletic performance, injury, and recovery in the young athlete. Pediatric Annals, 46(3), e106-e111.
Suppiah, H. T., Low, C. Y., & Chia, M. (2016). Effects of sport-specific training intensity on sleep patterns and psychomotor performance in adolescent athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 28(4), 588-595.
Sufrinko, A., Johnson, E. W., & Henry, L. C. (2016). The influence of sleep duration and sleep-related symptoms on baseline neurocognitive performance among male and female high school athletes. Neuropsychology, 30(4), 484-491.
Start Times and Attendance, Absenteeism, and Tardiness
McKeever, P. M., Clark, L. (2017). Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on graduation rates and attendance rates. Sleep Health, 9(2), 119-125.
Hysing, M., Haugland, S., Stormark, K. M., Bøe, T., & Sivertsen, B. (2015). Sleep and school attendance in adolescence: Results from a large population-based study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 43(1), 2-9.
Owens, J., Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., ... & O’Brien, R. F. (2014). Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: An update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics, 134(3), e921-e932.
Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.
Owens, J. A., Belon, K., & Moss, P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(7), 608-14.
Wolfson, A. R., Spaulding, N. L., Dandrow, C., & Baroni, E. M. (2007). Middle school start times: The importance of a good night's sleep for young adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 25(3), 194-209.
Wahlstrom, K. (2002). Changing times: Findings from the first longitudinal study of later high school start times. NASSP Bulletin, 86(633), 3-21.
Disadvantaged Populations
McKeever, P. M., Clark, L. (in press). Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on graduation rates and attendance rates. Sleep Health.
Combs, D., Goodwin, J. L., Quan, S. F., Morgan, W. J., & Parthasarathy, S. (2015). Longitudinal differences in sleep duration in Hispanic and Caucasian children. Sleep Medicine, 18, 61-66.
Matthews, K. A., Hall, M., & Dahl, R. E. (2014). Sleep in healthy black and white adolescents. Pediatrics, 133(5), e1189-96.
Basch C. E., Basch C. H., Ruggles K. V., Rajan S. (2014). Prevalence of sleep duration on an average school night among 4 nationally representative successive samples of American high school students, 2007–2013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 11(E216), 1-5.
Matthews, K. A., Dahl, R. E., Owens, J. F., Lee, L., & Hall, M. (2012). Sleep duration and insulin resistance in healthy black and white adolescents. Sleep, 35(10), 1353-8.
Buckhalt, J. A. (2011). Insufficient sleep and the socioeconomic status achievement gap. Child Development Perspectives, 5(1), 59-65.
Mindell, J. A., Owens, J., Alves, R., Bruni, O., Goh, D. Y., Hiscock, H., . . . Sadeh, A. (2011). Give children and adolescents the gift of a good night's sleep: A call to action. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 203-4.
More information (Editorial)
Economic Consequences
Hafner, M., Stepanek, M., & Troxel, W. M. (2017). Later school start times in the U.S.: An economic analysis (Research Report No. RR-2109-RE). Retrieved from RAND Corporation website: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2100/RR2109/RAND_RR2109.pdf
Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.
Jacob, B. A., & Rockoff, J. E. (2011, September). Organizing schools to improve student achievement: Start times, grade configurations, and teacher assignments (Discussion Paper 2011-08). Retrieved from The Brookings Institution website: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/092011_organize_jacob_rockoff_paper.pdf
Elementary School Children
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E. A., Bi, S., & Smith, O. A. (2017). Earlier school start times are associated with higher rates of behavioral problems in elementary schools. Sleep Health, 3(2), 113-118.
Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D'Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., ... & Rosen, C. L. (2016). Consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the recommended amount of sleep for healthy children: Methodology and discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549-1561.
Keller, P. S., Smith, O. A., Gilbert, L. R., Bi, S., Haak, E. A., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2015). Earlier school start times as a risk factor for poor school performance: An examination of public elementary schools in the commonwealth of Kentucky. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(1), 236-245.
Dupuis, D. N. (2015, December). The association between elementary school start time and students’ academic achievement in Wayzata Public Schools. Retrieved from University of Minnesota. Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement website: https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/181187
Boyland, L., Harvey, M. W., Riggs, W., & Campbell, B. (2015). Changing school times to combat adolescent sleep deprivation: Perceptions of school stakeholders. Journal of School Public Relations, 36(1).
Franckle, R. L., Falbe, J., Gortmaker, S., Ganter, C., Taveras, E. M., Land, T., & Davison, K. K. (2015). Insufficient sleep among elementary and middle school students is linked with elevated soda consumption and other unhealthy dietary behaviors. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted To Practice And Theory, 7436-41.
Appleman, E. R., Gilbert, K. S., & Au, R. (2015). School start time changes and sleep patterns in elementary school students. Sleep Health, 1(2), 109-114.
Hanover Research. (2013, February). Impact of school start time on student learning. Retrieved from http://www.shorewood.k12.wi.us/uploaded/Family_Resources/general/Impact_of_School_Start_Time.pdf
Edwards, F. (2012). Do schools begin too early? The effect of start times on student achievement. Education Next, 12(3), 52-57.
Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983.
Westerlund, L., Ray, C., & Roos, E. (2009). Associations between sleeping habits and food consumption patterns among 10-11-year-old children in Finland. British Journal of Nutrition, 102(3), 1-7.
von Kries, R., Toschke, A. M., Wurmser, H., Sauerwald, T., & Koletzko, B. (2002). Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep--a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26(5), 710-6.
Kubow, P. K., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Bemis, A. E. (1999). Starting time and school life: Reflections from educators and students. Phi Delta Kappan, 80(5), 366-371.
Other Concerns
McHill, A. W., Hull, J. T., Wang, W., Czeisler, C. A., & Klerman, E. B. (2018). Chronic sleep curtailment, even without extended (> 16-h) wakefulness, degrades human vigilance performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(23), 6070-6075. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706694115
Lee, K. T., & Vandell, D. L. (2015). Out-of-school time and adolescent substance use. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(5), 523-9.
Pereira, É. F., Moreno, C., & Louzada, F. M. (2013). Increased commuting to school time reduces sleep duration in adolescents. Chronobiology International, 31(1), 87-94.
Perry, G. S., Patil, S. P., & Presley-Cantrell, L. R. (2013). Raising awareness of sleep as a healthy behavior. Preventing Chronic Disease, 10, E133.
Axelsson, J., Sundelin, T., Ingre, M., Van Someren, E. J., Olsson, A., & Lekander, M. (2010). Beauty sleep: Experimental study on the perceived health and attractiveness of sleep deprived people. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 341, c6614.
Ludden, A. B., & Wolfson, A. R. (2009). Understanding adolescent caffeine use: Connecting use patterns with expectancies, reasons, and sleep. Health Education & Behavior, 36(5), 1-13.
Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. (2008). Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12(2), 153-62.